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FORENINGEN
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AUTORISEREDE REVISORER
K0BENHAVN
THE
ASSOCIATION OF STATE-AUTHORIZED
ACCOUNTANTS
COPENHAGEN
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FORENINGEN
AF
AUTORISEREDE REVISORER
K0BENHAVN
THE
ASSOCIATION OF STATE-AUTHORIZED
ACCOUNTANTS
COPENHAGEN
CONTENTS
Address of Association 5
Committees 5
List of Members ü
Act respecting State-Authorized Accountants 8
Notification respecting the Incompatibility of certain Trades and
Professions with the Profession of State-Authorized Accountant ... 12
Proclamation respecting the Examination of State-Authorized
Accountants 13
Declaration 18
Articles of Association 19
4
THE
ASSOCIATION OF STATE-AUTHORIZED
ACCOUNTANTS
ADDRESS:
AMAGERTORV Nr. 7,2 - K0BENHAVN K.
Executive Committee
O. Henningsen .. Kompagnistrsede 25, Kabenhavn
C. Jespersen .. .. Amagertorv 7, Kobenhavn
J. Michelsen .. .. Vester Boulevard 2, Kabenhavn
Chr. Nielsen .. .. Reventlowsgade 12, Kabenhavn
N. C. Nobel Holmens Kanal 8, Kabenhavn
J. P. Strobel .. .. St. Strandstrffide 9, Kabenhavn
N. F. Torner .. .. Ryesgade 9, Aarhus
Chairman:
C. Jespersen, Amagertorv 7, 2. Kabenhavn
Vice-chairman :
J. Michelsen, V. Boulevard 2, Kabenhavn
Award and Opinion Committee:
O. Henningsen, C. Jespersen, J. Michelsen
J. R. Strobel
Library Committee.
C. Jespersen, Chr. Nielsen, N. F. Torner
Convening of Meetings Committee:
C. Jespersen, Chr. Nielsen
N. C. Nobel
^
THE
ASSOCIATION OF STATE-AUTHORIZED
ACCOUNTANTS
LIST OF MEMBERS
Copenhagen:
Carl Andersen, Gyldenl^vesgade 1.
H. E. Andersen, Vestre Boulevard 2.
Jlelge Andersen, Gyldenl0vesgade 1.
C. J. Berg, St. Strandstraide 9.
U. A. Blond, Frederiksholms Kanal 2.
C. A. H. Boëtius, Farvergade 2.
Ove Breuner, Linnesgade 35.
J. Ejlersen, Vestre Boulevard 2.
M. Green, St. Kongensgade 33.
Herman Hansen, Vestre Bouelvard 2.
A. Hedemann, N^rrevoldgade 12.
K. Helmond, Nikolajplads 26.
0. Henningsen, Kompagnistrffide 25.
A. Hjorth-Hansen, St. Kongensgade 33.
Carl Jensen, St. Strandstra;de 9.
C. Jespersen, Amagertorv 7.
F. Kielberg, Vesterbrogade 30.
Axel Lytting, Forhaabningsliolms Allé 11.
J. Michelsen, Vestre Boulevard 2.
Poul Miller, Raadhuspladsen 2.
Axel Myhlertz, Kfibmagergade 64.
Christian Nielsen, Reventlowsgade 12.
N. C. Nobel, Holmens Kanal 8.
6
o. K. Pedersen, Raadhuspladsen 2.
Niels Petersen, Vestre Boulevard 2.
H. Rüs-Magnussen, Raadhuspladsen 2.
A. Rosenkold, Hiort Lorenzensgade 2.
Kenning Rothe, N^rre Sf(gade 33.
P. A. Sigvardt, R0mersgade 19.
M. Smith, Holmens Kanal 8.
/ . P. Strobel, St. Strandstrasde 9.
H. J. Thime, Skindergade 27.
E. H. Vilmar, La3ss0esgade 3.
Aalborg:
Emil Arfelt, Vesteraagade 23.
P. Brandt, 0steraagade 19.
Alexander Tveede, Boulevarden 8.
Aarhus:
M. Glytting, Skolebakken 11.
Karl Lesner, Store Torv 1.
Axel Okkels, Ryesgade 9.
N. F. Tomer, Ryesgade 9.
Nyk^bing F .:
H. Eriksen.
Odense:
Erik Hansen Nesier, Vestergade 68.
Johannes Strobel, Vestergade 21.
Roskilde:
Martin Hansen, M^lledammen 5.
ACT
(No. 117 — 1909)
RESPECTING
STATE-AUTHORIZED ACCOUNTANTS
We, Frederik the Eighth, by the Grace of God King of Denmark, of the
Wends and Goths, Duke of Sehleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Ditmarshes,
Lauenburg and Oldenburg, do hereby make known:
Parliament has passed, and We have provided the following Act with
Our Royal Assent.
i 1.
The Minister of Trade and Shipping is hereby authorized to grant
appointment as state-authorized accountant to any person (man or
woman) who is a natural-born or naturalized citizen, is of age, has not
been declared incapable of managing his own estate, gives satisfactory
evidence of good conduct and is recommended by the board dealt with
in ^ 2 of the present Act after having passed the examination defined
in the same section.
For the appointment a fee of 120 kroner shall be paid to the Exchequer.
Before the appointment is surrendered to the person in question, he shall
sign a formal declaration to the effect that he will with diligence and
fidelity perform the tasks entrusted to him, and that in every respect he
will- conscientiously fulfil his duties as an accountant. The form of this
declaration shall be fixed by the Minister of Trade and Shipping.
The field of activity of the persons in question shall not be confined to
any special district.
4 2.
The person who is appointed a state-authorized accountant shall
moreover possess the following qualifications:
a. He shall have worked with a state-authorized accountant for at least
3 years after his full 18th year and have participated in the various
kinds of work usually performed by state-authorized accountants.
b. He shall thereupon have passed an examination, by which he has proved
to be in possession of the knowledge requisite to act as an accountant.
At the examination the person in question shall be examined in Business
Routine (including the necessary commercial and shipping law) and
8
Accountancy. The examination is verbal as well as written and may be
supplemented with an examination in knowledge of commodities and in
valuation of landed property with livestock and fixtures (appraisement).
The examination of state-authorized accountants shall be made before
a board appointed by the Minister of Trade and Shipping. The detailed
rules to be fixed by royal proclamation.
The provisions of the foregoing paragraph and the provisions of § 1, 1st
paragraph, as to reconuuendation shall not apply to persons who are
authorized to act as accountants by the Minister of Trade and Ship­ping
within a period of 5 years after the coming into operation of this Act-
Moreover the Minister of Trade and Shipping shall be authorized also
after the expiration of this period in cases, where the person in question
has proved in other adequate manner that he is capable of acting as an
accountant, to deviate from the provisions given under a. pursuant to
recommendation from the said board.
^ 3.
If for elucidation in public cases it is deemed necessary by the courts
that an audit of accounts or conduct of business should be made, state-authorized
accountants shall preferentially be employed, if such accoun­tants
are residing, or have offices in the jurisdiction, or in the jurisdiction
in which the court has its office, and, moreover — if deemed desirable by
the court — have passed one or both of the supplementary examinations
dealt with in 5 2. On the same conditions state-authorized accountants
shall have preferential access to be employed as accountants with special
experience in commercial affairs in pursuance of the provision in the
Bankruptcy etc. Act of 25th March 1872, § 79.
For use in legal proceedings public credence shall attach to declarations
made by a state-authorized accountant respecting business accountancy;
this preference as evidence shall not apply, if the accountant is requested
by the party concerned to take oath to the declaration made by him, and
such oath is not made, or if there is a declaration to the opposite effect —
possibly moreover made on oath — from another state-authorized accoun­tant,
or sufficient counter-evidence has been procured in another manner.
§ 4.
No state-authorized accountant shall be eligible to hold any state office
or salaried public position. The Minister of Trade and Shipping may by
9
general rules provide that certain trades or professions shall be incom­patible
with the profession of state-authorized accountant, and the Mi­nister
may, in eases which do not come within the rules, prohibit a state-authorized
accountant from carrying on a trade which is deemed incom­patible
with his profession as such.
5 5. .
If a state-authorized accountant has been convicted of felony or other
infamous crime he shall on account of such sentence have forfeited his
right to act as such.
If a state-authorized accountant has been found guilty in the misde­meanour
dealt with in § 253 of the Penal Code, his right to act as a state-authorized
accountant shall — no matter whether other charges against
him have been abolished in pursuance of § 254 of the came code — be can­celled
either for a certain period or for good by judgment during the pro­ceedings
instituted against him, or — if such proceedings have not been
commenced — in a special action brought against him for this purpose ac­cording
to the decision of the Minister of Trade and Shipping.
When judgment for forfeiture of the right to act as a state-authorized
accountant has been signed against a state-authorized accountant, he shall
not be allowed, even if he appeals against such judgment, to continue his
trade until the judgment signed against him has been reverted by a final
judgment.
If bankruptcy proceedings are instituted against a state-authorized
accountant, the Minister of Trade and Shipping shall cancel his right to
act as a state-authorized accountant, and it can only be given to him again
when he produces a declaration from all the creditors in the bankruptcy
estate to the effect that he has satisfied their claims or that they have con­sented
to his discharge. If the state-authorized accountant is declared
incapable of managing his own affairs, the Minister of Trade and Ship­ping
shall likewise — during his incapacity — cancel his right to act
as such.
§ 6.
The detailed rules with regard to the duties and responsibility of a state-authorized
accountant (inter alia responsibility under the General Penal
Code of 10th February 1866, cap. XIII as to misdemeanours in the execu­tion
of official duties) may be fixed by royal proclamation. If deemed
10
expedient by the Minister of Trade and Shipping, special fees for work
performed by state-authorized accountants may likewise be fixed by royal
proclamation.
All and every party concerned must comply with the above.
Given at Amalienborg, 14th May 1909.
Under Our Royal Hand and Seal.
FREDERIK R.
(L. S.)
Johan Hansen
11
N O T I F I C A T I ON
RESPECTING
THE INCOMPATIBILITY OF CERTAIN TRADES AND
PROFESSIONS WITH THE PROFESSION OF
STATE-AUTHORIZED ACCOUNTANT
In pursuance of the provision in ^ 4 of Act No. 117 of 14th May 1909
respecting state-authorized accountants it is hereby provided as follows:
The profession of state-authorized accountant shall be incompatible with
any trade or profession which according to Act No. 98 of 10th May 1912
requires the keeping of authorized books of account, and with the position
of manager, director or official in such concerns.
In bringing the above to the knowledge of all and everybody it is at the
same time pointed out that the Minister of Trade and Shipping may also
in cases which do not come within the above general rule prohibit a
state-authorized accountant from carrying on a trade or profession which
is deemed incompatible with the profession of accountant.
The Ministry of Trade and Shipping, 3rd December 1913.
H A S S I N G J0RGENSEN
P. Herschend
Chief clerk
12
PROCLAMATION
RESPECTING
THE EXAMINATION OF STATE-AUTHORIZED
ACCOUNTANTS
We, Christian the Tenth, by the Grace of God King of Denmark and
Iceland, of the Wends and Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn,
Ditmarshes, Lauenburg and Oldenburg, do hereby make known:—
In pursuance of the provision in i^ 2 of Act No. 117 af 14th May 1909
respecting state-authorized accountants We hereby provide as follows re­garding
the examination of such accountants:—
« 1.
The examination shall consist of both a practical and a theoretical part.
The latter may be dispensed with, if the candidate has graduated in Law
or Economies.
^ 2.
Practical Part.
In evidence of practical skill in bookkeeping and auditing the candidate
shall to the board of examiners submit 4 papers respecting various sy­stems
of bookkeeping and accountancy works performed by him in prac­tice,
such as organisation of accounts, making an audit, framing of audit
regulations, investigation of a business concern (f. inst. investigation of
balance sheet, investigation and statement at the formation of a joint
stock company), statement and report in case of compulsory composition
or the like.
Each paper must be accompanied by vouchers etc. to such an extent as
will enable the board to form an exact judgment of the execution of the
work, and evidence proving that the candidate has performed the work
without assistance and framed the report independently. Furthermore the
candidate's paper shall be accompanied by a special report, in which he
sets out his view of the task in question and the practical considerations
which may possibly have occasioned curtailment of the task. The papers
may be handed in separately, but the interval must not exceed 3 months
without the sanction of the board.
13
In order that the papers may be examined it shall be incumbent on the
candidate within a certain time limit to procure such supplementary in­formation
with regard to the work or its independent execution as might
be deemed necessary in the judgment of the board.
After the papers handed-in have been treated by the entire board the
candidate shall at a verbal examination reply to such questions as the
board may find occasion to ask.
§ 3.
Theoretical Part.
At the theoretical examination the candidate shall be examined in a)
general business routine, b) general branches of commercial and shipping
law.
The requirements shall be as follows:—
a) General Business Routine. The candidate shall possess a general
knowledge of and be able to explain: The origin and importance of
trade; the various forms af trade; the rights and responsibilities of the
persons engaged in trade; the different forms of organisation of trading
companies (joint stock companies, co-operative societies, trusts); weights
and measures; money (including standards of value, the monetary systems
of the several states, monetary unions); the various forms of the traffic in
goods, terms of sale and payment; credit and banking systems, exchange
organisation, exchange operations, dealings in securities; postal-, tele­graph
and railway service; forms of carriage and freighting by land and
by sea, custom service, bonded warehouses; commercial and shipping
treaties; insurance.
b) General Branches of Commercial and Shipping Law. The candidate
must be thoroughly conversant with the documents usually employed in
business and with the statutory provisions regarding bookkeeping and
accountancy. He must possess knowledge of the general rules — especially
to the extent to which they are of importance for the judgment of the
economic eiïect of certain transactions — with regard to majority, rela­tionship
between husband and wife as regards property, line of succession,
compulsory inheritance, inheritance contracts, wills, mortis causa, causes
invalidating contracts, powers of attorney (particularly as regards the
various kinds of powers of attorney, comm.ission, consignment, agents and
commercial travellers), bonds, bills of exchange, cheques, cash orders,
accounts current, surety, insurance (including a general knowledge of
14
annuities), deposits, forms of credit, freight contracts (including bills
of lading), purchase and sale (including conveyance of real estate, bills
of sale and the hire purchase system), leaseholds (including the apper­taining
provisions of the Bankruptcy Act), mortgage and pledge (in­cluding
accomodation bonds and letters of indemnity), enactments rela­ting
to companies (including thorough knowledge of the Companies Act),
winding up of estates (including bankruptcy and compulsoiy composition
outside bankruptcy).
In each of the subjects of General Business Routine and General Bran­ches
of Commercial and Shipping Law shall be given a written paper
besides the verbal examination.
§ 4.
Awarding of Marks.
At the practical examination 4 marks shall be given, viz one mark for
each paper. The marks shall be fixed after the verbal examination and
shall be 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. To pass the examination the candidate must have
obtained at least 15 points, and no mark may be below 2.
At the theoretical examination 2 marks shall be given, viz one collec­tive
mark for the verbal and written examination in General Business
Routine and one collective mark for the verbal and written examination
in General Branches of Commercial and Shipping Law. The special marks
shall be as mentioned above. To pass 7 points are required.
§ 5.
Board of Examiners.
The examination of state-authorized accountants shall take place be­fore
a board of examiners consisting of 7 members appointed by the Mi­nister
of Trade. The Minister shall appoint one of the members to act
as chairman. The chairman shall sit for a period of 5 years; the other
members shall be appointed for 3 years in such a manner that 2 members
retire annually.
In the case of a member's unavoidable absence the Minister shall decide
whether the vacancy is to be filled.
The board may employ the necessary assistance, inter alia a secretary.
^ 6.
Persons who intend to go up for the examination for state-authorized
accountants must submit a written application to the board of examiners.
15
The application must be accompanied by a certificate of birth and evi­dence
to the effect that the applicant has worked for 3 years with a
state-authorized accountant or has obtained the requisite dispensation in
this respect (cfr. Act No. 117 of 14th May 1909 5 2).
5 7.
For the practical part of the examination the candidate may submit
his papers as soon as his application for permission to go up for the
examination has been granted, and the requisite fee has been paid (^ 11).
i 8.
The theoretical part of the examination shall take place every year in
the month of May, provided application has been submitted before the 1st
of February from one or more candidates who have handed in at least
two papers for the practical part of the examination, or applications for
permission to go up for the examination have been received from at least
6 persons.
(> 9.
Persons who have gone up for the practical examination without pass­ing
or completing this examination shall not be eligible to go up again
for this examination until after the expiration of 2 years. Upon the
recommendation of the board of examiners the Minister of Trade may
however grant permission to a candidate, who — owing to ill health or
other causes over which he had no control — has been prevented from
completing the examination, to go up again before the expiration of the
said period.
4 10.
The examination shall be undertaken either by a member of the board
or by an examiner appointed for this purpose by the board.
For the practical part of the examination the marks shall be awarded at
a meeting of the entire board.
At the theoretical part of the examination either 3 members of the
board or the specially appointed examiner together with 2 members of the
board shall participate in the awarding of marks.
16
§ 11.
On entering for the practical part of the examination the candidate
shall pay a fee of 30 kroner and on entering for the theoretical part a
fee of 30 kroner.
5 12.
The candidate who has passed both examinations shall receive a certi­ficate
issued by the board with statement of the special marks obtained.
i 13.
This proclamation shall come into force immediately.
At the same time Proclamation No. 211 of 25th July 1913 and Pro­clamation
No. 114 of 13th April 1916 shall be repealed.
All and every party concerned must comply with the above.
Given at Amalienborg, 5th July 1919.
Under Our Royal Hand and Seal.
CHRISTIAN R.
(L.S.)
C. Hage
17
DECLARATION
I, the undersigned
who in a communication in writing from the Minister of Trade dated
has obtained promise of appointment as a state-authorized
accountant with obligation to have office or, in the absence there­of,
residence in , hereby declare in honour and conscience
that when the said appointment is granted to me I will with diligence and
fidelity perform the tasks entrusted to me, and that I will conscientiously
fulfil my duties as an accountant in every respect.
Furthermore I bind myself on such terms as might be made by the
Minister of Trade, and to the extent to which, in the judgment of the Mini­ster,
ray professional activities will require me to employ — at the various
kinds of work usually performed by state-authorized accountants — as­sistants
in such a manner that these may fulfil the condition for the obtain-ment
of apjjointment as state-authorized accountant mentioned in § 2 a
in Act No. 117 of 14th May 1909 respecting state-authorized accountants.
I also bind myself in due course to report to the Minister of Trade if I
intend to commence other trade, and I likewise acknowledge myself to be
conversant with the notification issued by the Minister of Trade under 3rd
December 1913 as to the incompatibility of certain trades and professions
with the profession of state-authorized accountant and that in eases which
do not come within those mentioned in the notification the Minister may
prohibit a state-authorized accountant from carrying on a trade or
profession which is deemed incompatible with the said profession.
Furthermore I bind myself in my activity as a state-authorized ac­countant
to keep a journal procured by me and authorized by the Mi­nister
of Trade, in which journal shall be entered an account of all
audits performed by me together with statement of the fees re­ceived
by me in respect thereof, and I also bind myself in each month
of January to submit to the Minister of Trade a statistical statement of
the accountancy tasks performed by me in the year last past.
, the 19
18
ARTICLES
OF
THE ASSOCIATION OF STATE-AUTHORIZED
ACCOUNTANTS 1925
n.
The style of the association shall be „The Association of State-Autho­rized
Accountants"; it shall have its head office in Copenhagen.
4 2.
The object of the association shall be to unite the state-authorized ac­countants
in co-operation for the promotion of their common professional
interests.
^ 3.
Any state-authorized accountant may be admitted to the association.
Application for admittance shall be made to the executive committee. At
the proposal of not less than two members it may be recommended to a
general meeting to expel admitted members. If such a proposal is made
the executive committee shall include it in the agenda paper of the first
general meeting, no matter whether ordinary or extraordinary, not
however until one month after receipt of the proposal. The proposal shall
be treated at two successive general meetings with an interval of not less
than one month.
M.
The chairman of the association, who shall also be the chairman of the
executive committee, shall be elected by the general meeting. Besides the
chairman the executive shall consist of 6 members elected by the ordinary
general meeting; of these at least one half shall reside in Copenhagen.
The executive shall elect its own vice chairman and likewise fix the mode
of conducting its own business.
The executive shall represent the association in all external matters under
responsibility to the general meeting and convene the members to meetings
as often as deemed expedient or when desired by at least two directors.
§ 5.
At every annual general meeting 3 or 4 executive members alternately
shall retire by rotation (the first time in alphabetical order), so that or-
19
dinarily each member of the excentive will sit for two years. The retir­ing
members may be I'e-elected.
§ 6.
An ordinary general meeting, at which the report and accounts shall
be produced, and where the elections mentioned in ^§ 4 and 5 shall be
undertaken, shall be held annually before the end of May. The elections
to be made by a majority of votes of those present. Absent members may
vote through other members in possession of a written proxy. In ease of
on equality of votes the acting chairman shall have the casting vote.
§ r.
An extraordinary general meeting shall be convened when desired by at
least 14 of the members of the association. The executive may convene
an extraordinary general meeting when deemed necessary.
Proposals to be treated at general meetings shall be submitted to the
executive a fortnight before the general meeting in (juestion. Agreement
from at least % of the members present shall be required for the adoption
of such proposals.
Notice of general meetings shall be given by letter including statement
of the agenda to the members not less than 8 days before the day on
which the general meeting is to be held.
§ 8.
Amendments of the Articles of Association and dissolution of the
association can only be carried at a general meeting where at least % of
the members are represented, and provided the proposal is agreed to by
% of the votes given. If the necessary quorum is not present, a new
general meeting shall — with a notice of at least 8 days — immediately be
convened, which may decide questions by a majority of % of the votes.
« 9.
The contribution shall be 100 kroner annually and be collected in ad­vance
in each month of January. However in the 3 first calendar years
after the expiration of the year in which the charter has been granted
the contribution shall only be 50 kroner annually.
If a member is admitted in the latter half of a calendar year, half the
contribution only shall be paid in respect of the year in which such ad­mittance
takes place.
a
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