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ï
WINE & SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS
CONTENTS.
PAGE
E D I T O R ' S P R E I - A C E ... ... ... ... v.
INTRODUCTION ... ... ... ... • ... xi.
CHAPTER I.—Description of Books and General
Remarks ... ... ... i
II.—Price List and Price Book, Order Book,
Order Slip, Cellarman's Book, Sales
Day Book, Sales Credit I>ook ... 2
III.—Sales Ledgers—Ledger A, Public or
Licensed Trade; Ledger B, Private
Customers ... ... ... 29
I\'.—Received Goods Book, Purchases or
Bought Book ... ... ... 47
\'.—Purchases Ledger ... ... ... 61
\'I.—Rough Daily Cash, Petty Cash, and
General Cash Books ... ... 73
\'II.—Bills Receivable and Bills Payable Books 93
VIII.—Journal ... ... ... ... 96
IX.—Nominal Ledger, Trade Expenses, Private
Ledger, Summary of Stock ... 100
X.—Valuation and Checking of Stock, Ullage
Rule, Bonded Stock, Bin, Case, and
Spirit Vat Books—Reserves ... 117
XL—Wine and Spirit " B a r " or " R e t a i l"
Trading—Agencies ... ... 139
XII.—Empties, Numerical Ledger, &c. ... 144
XIII.—Travellers' Reports, Returns of Sales,
Expenses, &c. ... ... ... 153
XI\'.—Checks against Dishonesty in Employees
—Auditing Remarks ... ... 157
APPENDIX—Customs and Excise Regulations—Duties
—Table of Licences ... ... 160
INDEX ... ... ... ... ... ... 170
INTRODUCTION.
THE cultivation of the grape for the purpose of making wine is
undoubtedly of great anticjuity. Sacred and profane
history have both dwelt upon the attraction of the juice of
the grape in ancient as well as modem times. The very name,
so similar in the more civilised nations, shows the universality
of it as a subject. In England we call it ivine, from the French
vitt, or Anglo-Saxon win, or German ivcin, Dutch vinn, Danish
wyn, or, as our tongue is so complex, from more so-uthern
countries, as the Latin vinuin, Italian vino, or Portuguese
vinho.
The history of Xoah's drunkenness, and of Pharoah and his
l)utler, are among the oldest accounts of wine that have reached
us.
Sacred history, though alluding to wine frequently, gives the
names of only two kinds that have reached the present day, one
of which is that of Lebanon, and the other that of Helbon, near
Damascus. Homer mentions wine in the Odyssey. Almost all
the Greek islands produced wine; it would therefore very early
have formed an important article for barter or trade between
them and the other known countries of the world. At the present
time the principal wine-producing countries are France, Italy,
Spain, Portugal, Germany, Australia, and California.
Closely associated with the business of selling wine is that of
a Spirit Merchant, or dealer in alcohol by distillation. We are
XU. IN-TRODl'CTIOX.
indebted to the Arabs for the in\entiün of distillation. Many
ages ago they extracted the aromatic essences of plants and
flowers as perfumes for use in their baths, and they are
supposed to have been the first to extract from wine
a colourless spirit. In Italy spirit distilled from wine was first
known as acq^a vite (water of the vine), and was used as a
medicine or elixir by the monks. At the dissolution of the
monasteries the secret of the invention became pubHc, and the
term aqua viia (water of life) became the signification for grain
spirit in contra-distinction to acqa vite, the extract of the grape.
A chemist of the thirteenth century speaks of the recent dis­covery
of intoxicating spirits made from wine. The practice
was introduced in France in the year 1343, and is described
as being well established in that country in 1639. There are
still several Communes where the principal industry is the dis­tillation
of spirit " eau de vie," or brandy (burnt wine), from the
juice of a grape specially cultivated for that purpose. With the
introduction of the Coffey patent still, about 1820, an enormous
impetus was given to the manufacture of spirits. In this
countr}- whisky, Gaelic uisge (water), or usgttebagh (water of life),
and gin, from gaiicvrc (Juniper), are the two principal spirits
distilled. They are made from grain, malted or unmalted, such
as barley, rye, oats, rice, and maize.
Rum is a product of the West Indies, distilled from the sugar
cane ; its alcoholic streno^th is as high as 40° overproof on
importation.
Whisky is divided into Irish and Scotch, according to the
country of distillation. The production of the latter has
increased enormously, but during the last few years the output
has been checked owing to the large stocks, as the following
Inland Revenue statistics will show: —
IN'TROUrCTIOX.
STOCK.
T o E N G L A N D
M a r c h ,31st Proof G a l l s.
1898-99
1899-00
i g o o - o i
1901-02
1898-99
1899-00
1900-01
1901-02
12,198,240
12,132,304
11,905,058
12,606,895
12,913,771
12,966,941
12,603,311
1 2 . 4 3 8 . 5 96
To
M a r c h j i st
1898-99
1899-00
1900-01
i g o i - 02
SCOTL.-VND
P r o o f G a l l s.
1 0 3 , 2 9 0 , 3 91
109,898,389
114,853.325
119,948,047
DISTILLED.
3 5 . 7 o 9 . 1 14
3 1 , 7 9 8 , 4 65
30,196,016
2 9 , 9 7 3 . 1 93
I R E L A N D
P r o o f G a l l s.
36,243,908
3 5 , 1 3 9 , 2 75
34.744,440
34,456,792
14.754.999
14,480,871
14,221,520
12,780,535
Cleared joy Beverage Expt
T O T A L
P r o o f G a l l s.
151.732,539
1 5 7 , 1 6 9 , 9 68
1 6 1 , 5 0 2 , 8 29
167,011,734
63.437.884
59,246,277
5 7 , 0 2 0 , 8 47
5 5 , 1 9 2 , 3 24
:irted
T o t a l P r o o f G a l l s . Total P r o o f G a l l s.
34,334,084
38,716.733
36,703,728
33.749,231
5,090,290
5.284 ,611
5.773,718
6,312,219
The total consumption of spirits during 1902 in the united
Kingdom was—
British Spirits .. 33,749,231
Foreign and Colonial Spirits .. .. 8,737,465
Total—in proof gallons .. 42,486,696
The number of Distilleries:
English, 8.
Scotch, 163; Irish, 30;
The total consumption in the United Kingdom of all classes
of wine during the year 1902 amounted to 15,348,242 gallons,
which appears small compared with the production on the
Gironde (ï"ranee) alone of red and white wines in 1902 of
62,999,220 gallons, or of the 1900 growth of 126,358,467
gallons.
XIV. INTRODUCTION'.
From the foregoing remarks it will be seen the business of a
Wine Trader and Distributor is one of great antiquity, and is
now, with the spirit interest connected with it, one of the first
importance. It is not intended in this volume to deal with that
section of the business relating to the manufacture of spirits
(distilling), or with the import and export trade as such. The
routine and bookkeeping necessary under the Customs and
Excise Bonding and Warehouse regulations is important
enough to be taken separately and fully dealt with. The
old-fashioned Wine Merchant was generally a man of consider­able
capital, with a large amount invested in his cellar stock,
and was well content to go on in the same simple easy way of
his forefathers while the day of limited competition, good sales,
and high remunerati\-e prices continued. Whatever his political
opinion might be, he was in his business habits a thorough­going
Conservative, and the system of accounts that had been
used by his predecessors to ascertain their profits he was quite
content to believe was good enough for him.
The first awakening he had was the competition from the stores,
with their net cash quotations instead'of the usual six months',
twelve months', or even two years' customary credit terms. This
necessitated the issuing of Price Lists and allowing discount for
cash, entailing a reduction of prices and thus less profit, and com­petition
from outside the radius of his own once safe connection.
The sharp business man took a note of time, altered his
methods, and generally managed to hold his OAvn through the
crisis; but amalgamations, changes in owners and style of busi­ness,
and additions of mineral waters, cigars, beer agencies, and
opening out retail establishments, gave ample evidence of the
troubles and difficulties the country wine merchant was
passing through, and that a business reckoned next to the pro­fessions,
and once considered a refuge for the retired Army
INTRODUCTION. XV.
officer, the pensioned civil servant, or the son of the country
squire, was now at a considerable discount, and of little use in
such untrained hands.
Many difficult questions of cellar management, the treatment
of wines and spirits, dock rent and charges, import and export
duties, &c., meet with ample consideration in the pages of the
several trade journals, but seldom, if ever, is the matter of office
procedure or method of accounts, from an accountant's point of
view, mentioned, or even alluded to in an indirect way. This
may be owing to a lack of interest in such matters on the part
of the readers, yet it must be admitted a correct and proper
system of keeping accounts is not the least important part of
any merchant's business.
The object of this volume is to set forth simply and clearly
a system of accounts which may be considered necessary to
enable a Wine and Spirit Merchant to ascertain his position at
the end of his trading period as regards his stock-in-hand, sales,
and profit or loss made. It may fall short of some requirements,
but if it satisfactorily achieves its purpose it will supply a want
long felt.
The aim of bookkeeping is to exhibit a correct and distinct
state of one's affairs—to enalile a man to see at any time the
nature of his business, the amount of his income or profits, and
the extent of his losses.
Bookkeeping, when conducted upon sound principles, is
invaluable. It not only shows the general result of a com­mercial
career, but admits of analysis by which the success or
failure, the value or worthlessness, of its component parts, or
each particular transaction, can be easily ascertained.
WINE & SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
CHAPTER I.
DESCRIPTION OF BOOKS AND GENERAL
REMARKS.
A Wine Merchant's business in the country generally consists
of—
{a) Wholesale Department, the supplying of wines and
spirits in bulk, duty paid ; or in original casks O'Ut of
bond tO' licensed victuallers, grocers, chemists, and
branch shops holding the necessary licences to sell by
retail.
{b) Family or Retail Trade, in quantities of dozens and
bottles in wines, and gallons and bottles in spirits.
This, being the oldest, is in many instances the most'
valuable connection of any.
{c) Bar or Vaults Trade. This is the most recent addition to
many businesses. It pro\'ides a certain amount of ready
cash takings, and also arts as an advertisement of the
quality of the firm's goods, especially if the trade be
carried on in the bodega style from original casks, with
price per dozen bottles or per dock glass plainly shown.
B
2 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
Although some firms have a Beer Agency or Cigar Department
connected with their business, it has not been thought desirable
to include the working of such in the jiresent work, as any
reader with a fair knowledge of accounts could make the neces­sary
additions to the books of a firm to meet the requirements
of such trading.
It is assumed that some knowledge of bookkeeping by
Double-entry is possessed ; and therefore the system here set forth
for a moderately-sized business may without much difficulty or
alteration be amplified for one of a much larger connection.
Each section, with the form of books used, will be carefully
explained, and special attention given to the technical points,
without which the system would be general and not particular
to the business under consideration.
Different businesses use different books, in number, style, and
name, but their use in practice is essentially the same in all.
Hence many of the following books used in these pages will be
familiar to the student and bookkeeper.
Houses doing principally a wholesale trade will, whilst follow­ing
on general lines, have their own labour-saving methods;
but the family Wine Merchant will, in the books enumerated
below, find all that he requires to enable him at will to ascertain
his position as regards stock and credit.
The first section is the books connected with Sales:—
(i) Order Booh, in which is entered all orders received by
post, traveller, or customer.
(2) Cellarman^s Book, a permanent record of wines and
spirits sent out of stock, with jar numbers, cases, &c.,
and how delivered.
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS. 3
{3) Cash Sales Book, a record of ready money or cash sales,
of which only a daily summary is entered in the books
of account.
(4) Sales Day Book, for entering up goods sold from the
Cellarman's Book or Slip, the quantity and amount of
wines and spirits being kept separate.
{5) Sales Ledgers, generally divided into the accounts of
private customers, and public or licensed trade
customers, posted therein from the Sales Day Book.
The next section is connected with Purchases :•—•
(6) Goods Received Book, giving Particulars, Weight, Size,
Sender, and By whom delivered, of all goods received
into stock.
(7) Purchases or Bought Day Book, containing entries of all
invoices of goods received, showing original cost a.nd
duty separate.
(8) Purchase or Merchants' L^edger, shows the individual
accounts owing by the business to the merchants,
posted from the Bought Day Book.
For dealing with Cash there are the
(9) Rough Daily Cash Book, for the purpose of showing
daily receipts and payments and particulars of the
balance in hand.
(10) Petty Cash Book, for sundry small payments.
(11) General Cash Book, giving all receipts and payments of
money, cheques, and bills; an important book in this
and every business.
For Balancing purposes follow the
(12) Journal, a book generally conspicuous by its absence,
but is found necessary in large businesses tO' record
opening, adjusting, and closing entries.
B 2
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
(13) Xominal Ledger, showing the various Impersonal
Accounts, including trade expenses posted from the
General Cash Book.
The concluding entries are posted into the
(14) Frivate Ledger, which contains the following: —
Balance Sheet.
Trading Account.
Freehold Premises.
Horses and Plant and Empties Account.
Depreciation.
Capital Account.
Profit and Loss Account.
The books necessary for Stock are—
(15) Bin, Case, and Cask Books, containing particulars of
goods received, sold, and in stock in the cellars and
vaults of the business.
(16) Vaults Stock Book. Where there is a bar or vault the
stock is entered weekly or monthly in this book.
(17) Bonded Stock Book. For wines and spirits in bonded
warehouses.
(18) Stock Book. Full particulars of stock as taken at
periodical stocktaking.
A record of empties outstanding is kept in the
(19) Empty Fackage Ledger. Cases, Jars, Casks, Hampers,
and Bottles are entered tO' customers' accounts and
credited when returned.
And, lastly—
(20) Summary and Analysis of Travellers' Journeys. For
comparative purposes, and a useful record of work
done.
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS. 5
The treatment of Empty Casks, Cases, Jars, and Eottles will
receive full and careful consideration, and the books necessary
to keep an accurate record of those received into and sent o«t
of stock will l)e given. In this department alone many a
merchant by careful and daily supervision can save se\eral times
over the cost of the clerical labour spent upon it.
The chapter on checking the stock and takings of a Bar or
Spirit Vaults is especially valuable now, when so many
merchants have a retail establishment added to their usual busi­ness.
A few notes respecting .\gencies are also added.
Information will l)e found regarding stocktaking, both in bin
and cask; gauging, and ascertaining the contents by use of the
Slide Rule, with a full description of its -use in ullaging,
valuation, and reducing ojjerations. The Hydrometer, and its
use in ascertaining the strength of s[)irits, is fully gone into, with
definitions of the terms " Proof Spirit,'' " Obscuration,'' &c., &c.
Extracts from Customs and Excise Regulations, as far as the
usual Wine Merchant requires in bonding or clearing Foreign
and British wines and spirits, are given, with a Table of the
Deficiencies allowed on bonded goods in warehouses.
Tables of Licences required to be held by Wine and Spirit
Merchants, Dealers, or Retailers, are fully given.
The work concludes with a few remarks on Auditing and a
full Index of the subject-matter and rulings.
For the purpose of illustrating the accounts and books neces­sary
in a Wine and Spirit Merchant's business it has been
thought best to follow throughout the transactions of the sup^
posed firm of Messrs. James & Charles Robinson, trading as
the " Universal Wine and Spirit Company," Wine Lodge,
Sandalhampton.
6 WINE AND SPIRIT M E R C H A N T S ' ACCCU.XTS.
CHAPTER II.
PRICE LISTS AND PRICE BOOK.
A WINE merchant must in these days issue a Price List of the
stock he keejjs. It may he—as some are—a veritable work of
art, with illustrations of the centres of the wine and spirit
industries—from vineyards to distilleries—or it may only
consist of a simple plain leaflet or sheet. Wholesale houses
frequently issue one monthly, revising the prices by the present
market value of the goods, and drawing attention to the same
by a distinguishing letter in the margin—as, for instance, " a "
when advanced, or " r " when reduced. The information given
on a Price List should be as full as possible, and the terms of
trading clearly mentioned.
Price Book.—
This book should contain all the information required by a
salesman—the Number of Bin and (Quantity ; Vintage and Date
of Bottling ; Cost and Selling Price of each description of wines
or spirits kept in stock. It is the basis upon which the Price
List is compiled, and must be revised and kept up to date by
checking the quantities with the cellar stork according to the
Bin Book, and the price by the market quotations of the day.
The cost price should be entered in the book in the firm's
" secret code " letter for obvious reasons.
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 7
Samples.—
Samples of all goods in bond are generally sent by the broker
at the time of purchase, and, after being marked at cost in the
firm's private code, are stored in a cupboard in the office. If
different shelves are kept for each class of wine and spirit it
is easy to find a sample afterwards, if needed for reference.
The samples from the merchant's duty-paid stock are generally
kept distinct from the bonded goods, as they are more frequently
required for purposes of sale.
No sample should be brought uj) out of the sample room
from bin or cask without an order being given to the cellar-man
for it, and charged by him to the Office Account.
When samples are sent out the particulars should accompany
them on a form, such as the one appearing on page 8.
Order Book.—
This book, easy of access, and generally lying open on the
office desk, is one into which all orders are entered immediately
when taken, with any instructions the customer has given
respecting time and manner of delivery of the same. It is very
important that the first column for entering Xame or Par­ticulars,
" By whom ordered," should be carefully filled in, as, in
the case of a disjmted order, an error or omission in this respect
might prejudice the case of the merchant in a Court of Justice.
Where orders are numero'us, and received at Sub-offices as
well as at the Head Office, loose sheets instead of a book may
be used. This method facilitates despatch of the goods, and
lessens the risk of an order being omitted or not entered owing
to the book being in use by another employee. At the close of
the day the sheets are filed in consecutive order for future
reference. A separate book may be kept for travellers' orders,
or for orders received from agents selling on commission without
Form I.—
Price
Per pip
£i6
Marie
e in Bond, Lo
< V T>
\ /
Vintage
ndon.
Strength
PARTICULARS OF SAMPLES.
Obsn. REMARKS.
Port—Dry Tawny
Stock in Bond.
Pipes
4
Hbds.
2
Qrs.
When Landed
iS/i/oi
>
a
2
S
n
H
>
O oo
üz
H
mHmm \
Form 2.- ORDER BOOK.
By whom
ordered.
Mr. Holland
„
„
"
Self
Self to )
Traveller ƒ
„
„
"
Name and Address.
January ist 1902—
Holland & Sons, Grocers, Baciip
„ „ „ „
II 1' II II
" " " "
Kelly, Jam<-s, Morecambe
Jones, John, Liverpool
II II . . ..
II II . . ..
',: :; '.'. y.
Add Weekly Sales for Cash ..
„ Travellers' Orders entered
in separate book
W I N E
Doz.
3
2
1
6
20
27
Bets.
I I
6
5
Galls. Bots.
ID
5
5
10
51
4
s,
6
93
, 3
2
12
2
1
Articles
Gin, 17 u p
Scotch Whisky, pf. ..
Rum, pf.
Pale Brandy ..
I Hhd. Irish Whisky
Port, Vintage i8go ..
Sherry, Palido
Californian Burgundy
Scotch Whisky
Benedictine ,.
Mark.
X4
]'Si
R2
F 2
31027
D.Ö.M.
Price
14/-
18/-
18/-
22/-
Jo/6
58/-
36/-
30/-
25/-
7/6
per
bottle
Remarks
1 Immediate delivery.
Clear out of Empties.
] In Bond, Londonderry
j" Distillery Cask
j returnable.
[ By first means,
urgent.
r-°.
6'-
«8
28
7«
28
s
w
i> oz
>t)
2
t^ ow
z
H
n
n
o
d
2
H
lO WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
having a stock of wines and spirits. The total of these being
added to the office book gives, with the Cash Sales, the total
sales per week.
When an order is sent out by " Order Slip " to the cellarman
for execution, the entry is ticked off in this book, and the
number of the slip entered in the marginal column. In checking
the orders back the following morning a cross-tick may be used
over the original one, or a fresh one made in another column.
Order Slip.—
After an order lias been received the next step is to have it
properly executed. To give instructions to the cellarman the order
is entered on an Order Slii). These slips are numbered con­secutively
for easy reference, and are simply plain sheets of paper
bound roughly together, and perforated three or four to a page.
The particulars given are—•
Date.
Name and Full Address of Customer, and How to be
delivered.
Quantity and Description.
Bin or Case Xumber, if bottled wines.
Mark of Cask, if wines from the wood.
Mark and Xumber of Vat, if spirits.
Address Labels for the i)ackage should accompany the
slip, and also an Excise Permit for removal of spirits if over one
gallon, or one for any quantity if tO' the licensed trade. A
Consignment Note is also required for goods despatched per
rail.
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. I:
Form 3.—
ORDER SLIP. 28
No. I. January 2iid 1902.
MES.SRS. HOLLAND & SONS,
GROCERS, B A C U I '.
10 gallons X 4
5 ,, PS I /Address Labels, Permit, and RailwayN
5 ,, R 2 \ Consignment Note sent with this. /
10 ,, F 2
Per Railway, Immediate.
ORDER SLIP. 29
ORDER SLIP. 30
The cellarman, on removing the wine from the bin, seals or
caj>sules it different colours (if more than one quality, or
different vintages of tlae same denomination, are sent out),
and enters the particulars on the slips, givinf;^ the case and
jar numbers used in execution of the order. The name of the
employee who delivers (if by own staff), or the means of delivery
(if by cartage), is recorded, and the slip is then initialled by the
cellarman responsible, and filed to be entered at the close of the
day in the " Cellar Book," a permanent record of all that has
passed out of his hands.
12 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS.
Some firms issue their instructions on a Cellarman's Order
Slip in duplicate, one being retained and the other passed to
the cellarman, who, after entering particulars and initialling,
passes it on to the Bin Book clerk, who makes the necessary
entries in his books and checks the order as sent out with the
duplicate retained in the office, and then enters up direct into
the Sales Day Book. This system facilitates despatch of goods,
and will be found ver)' serviceable in large private and whole­sale
businesses, as enabling the office to keep close up with the
work done in the cellar.
Form 4.—
No. 2.
CELLARMAN'S ORDER SLIP.
Date
Address to.
No.
Conveyance.
Quantity
Doz. or
Gallons Bottles
Description Bin,
&c. Size and Numbers of Packages
CellarmaiVs Initials,
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS. 13
Cellarman's Book.—
This book is recommended as constituting a permanent
record of the day's work in goods despatched from the cellar;
it also shows clearly the mark or bin of the wines sold, which
are credited from its co-lumns to the Cellar Bin Book. The folio
of the Empty Package Ledger is the first column in the book,
followed by the Name and Residence of the customer ; the
Mark of the Wine or Bin is next; then Dozens and Bottles of
Wine, and Description with Gallons and Bottles of SjHrits; the
Numbers of the Cases and Jars used; Number of Order, and
How delivered.
14
Form 5.—
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS.
CEI.LARMAN'S BOOK—
Folio
of
Empty
Ledger
Residence Mark or Bin
JANUARY 2 1902.
Bacup—
Gin ..
Holland & Sons
Do. . . ..
Do. . . ..
Do. . . ..
Do. . . ..
Jones, John Liverpool-
Scotch Whisky
Rum
Pale Brandy
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Cash Sales
Do.
Do.
Port, Vintage i8go
Sherry
Californian Burgundy
Old Scotch Whisky
JANUARY 3 1902. !
Kelly, Jas Morecambe—
Do. Irish Whisky
Do do.
Cash Sales
Do
JANUARY 4 190?.
Fletcher, The Hon. Ed.
Do
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
JANUARY 8 1902.
Cash Sales
Do
Do
Office
Do
JANUARY JO 1902.
Cash Sales
Do
Do
Parkinson, E.
Do
Do
Do
Do
Hassop House—
Port
Pale Sherry
Champagne
do. (pints)
White Burgundy ..
Old Brandy
S e t t l e -
Gin ..
Irish Whisky
Scotch Whisky
J-cask Port..
P Bin 120
S Palido
Cal B Bin 10
Benedictine
P 20
S D
C 39
One Hhd.
Original contents 55 gallons,
P Bin 20
S 23
Ch Case 100
Ch Case 101 (4-botts)
Chablis Bin 26
Bin 150
P A
P Retello
P Bin 20
S D
P Tawny 5
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. IS
c—
illons,
ts)
GOODS OUTWARD.
Wine
Doz.
3
2
I
ill bond at
10
5 -
I
2
2
H
Botts.
3
I
2
London
6
3
2
1
I
=
Galls.
10
5
5
zo
4
51 ullage K
derry Distill
4
20
23 gallons r
S
Botts,
2
5
3
2
allons
ery, Cas
4
2
12
10
5
I
5
2
8
acked e
pi rits
Description
X I 17 u.p.
P S I pf.
R i pf.
F J 10 u.p.
P 'S 3 12 u.p.
D O M Liqueur
X I 17 u.p,
P S 2 10 u.p.
R 2 12 u.p.
No. X / ' 31027
k returnable
F Liqueur
X I
P S 2
P S 5
P S 5
R2
F 10
P S 2
X I 17 u.p.
P S 4 pf.
P S I pf.
x-Pipe, cask not charged
No. of
J a r s and Cases
1 E 493 )
1 E 301 !
E 309
E 280
f E 290 1
"1 E 292 1
Case No. 30
Case No. 301
Case No. 71
D128
2 Cases 3/186 3/g8i
2 „ 2/120 2/180
2 „ 3/198 3/196
Orig. Case
Orig. Case
I Case 3/199
D150
Cask No. 2004
Cask No. 12357
Order
No.
28
"
}
By whom
sent
Rail
do,
do.
do.
Rail
do.
do,
do.
do.
Rail
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Rail
do.
do.
i6 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
' F o rm 5—{continued).
CELLARMAN'S BOOK—
Folio
of
Empty
Ledger
JANUARY 15 1902.
Jackson, John..
Do
Do
Do
Do
JANUARY 16 1902.
Kelly, Jas
Do
Do
Do
Do
JANUARY 18 1902.
Lofty & Co
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
East, Henry ..
Do
Do
James, Ernest..
Do
Do
JANUARY 20 IQ02.
Jones, John
Do.
Do.
JANUARY 24 1902.
Kelly, James ..
Do.
Holland & Sons
Do.
Do.
JANUARY 25 1902.
Cash Sales
Do
Office
Do
JANUARY 28 1902.
Travers, George
Do.
Do.
Do.
Cash Sales
Do
Do
Residence Mark or Bin
Preston—
Port ..
Sherry
Irish Whisky
Morecambe—
Scotch Whisky
Manchester—
Moet Champagne
do. (pints)
Ayala Champagne
do. (pints)
Calit'ornian Port ..
Californian Burgundy
Bu\ t o n -
Italian Red Wine
Cherry Whisky ..
Rhyl—
Claret (pints)
Marsala
Liverpool^
Claret
Sherry
Morecambe—
Scotch Whisky
Bacup ..
do
do
p \ y
S M D
reduced (by adding i gallon
" Bowie" Distillery, Sept.
No. 1628 7021. 56 orig. 53'5
No. 1629 7022. 58 orig. 54'o
Sold in bond on t he
regauge = 107^
Ch Case 40
Ch Case 41 (^-botts.)
Ch Case 50
Ch Case 51 (J-botts.)
Cal P Bin 8
Cal B 10
Poynton—
Port, Vintage 1870
Claret Margaux
Chat. Y'quem
Chianti Bin g
C Bin 40 (^-botts.)
Mars Virgin
C 42
S Palido
P20
S B
S D
P 20
P Bin 154
C Bin 80
Sauterne Bin go
S B
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 17
GOODS OUTWARD.
I
Wine
Doz.
2
water) to 20
1898 make,
regauge
regauge
galls.
JO
20
3
4
I
I
2
4
I
12
12
I
Botts.
u.p. = 5
bonded
3
4
6
I
I
6
2
Spirits
Galls.
(4 gall, jar)
(4 gall, jar)
4
galls.
at II o.p.
5
3
3
3
Botts.
12
I
5
3
5
Description
• 'p S 4 pf.''
Grant's
" S t . E s t e p h e"
P S Glenlivet
Ginger Brandy
Mint
Cloves
X 2
X I
R 2
P S 5
No. of
Jars and Cases
D 130
D139
E 282
:: }
Orig. Cases
do.
do.
do.
do.
I Case 2/150
I Case 3/280
Orig. Case
I Case 3/285
I ;/ 1/20
, „ , i 680 570
f 620 765
* ^ 3 1 268 657
E 296
C 180
C200
C281
I Case 1/27
I „ 3/573
Order
No. sent
Distillery Casks
returnable
18 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
Form 5—continued.
CELLARMAN'S BOOK-Folio
of
Empty
Ledger
Name
JANUARY ag igo2.
Henderson, Geo. J
Do,
Do.
Do.
Piatt, Henry
Do
Do
Do
Do
Hillside Brewery Co., Lim.
Do. . . ..
Do. . . ..
Cash Sales
Do
Do
Do
Kelly, Jas
Do
JANUARY 30 igo2.
Twitcher, Timothy
Banbury. Tonas
: Do.
1 Cash Sales
Do
Do
Midland Railway Company
Do. .. Claim
Goods sent Hon. E.
lones, John ..
Do
Do
1 Do
Fletcher, Hon. Ed
Do
I Do
Do
1 Do
1 Do
Armitage, John
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Residence
Liverpool—
Irish Whisky
Gin
Rum
Bolton—
Port, Vintage i8g5
do. Tawny
Scotch Whisky
Champagne
S a l e -
Jamaica Rum
Pale Brandy, Vintage i8go
Morecambe
Do
Brandy
Tarragona
Marsala
Port
for breakage—Liqueur Brandy ..
Fletcher, Hassop, Jan. 4
Liverpool—
Scotch Whisky
Pale Brandy
Hassop—
Scotch Whisky
Pale Brandy
Liqueurs
Croft's Port
Sandeman's Port
C h e s t e r -
Sherry
Scotch Whisky
Pale Brandy
Liqueur
Liqueur
Port
Mark or Bin [
P Bin 70 1
P Dixons 0 ^
' ch Case 30
]1
Duty o n ' : Hhd. Irish Whisky
No, < 3 > 31027
" P T Bin i "
Mars
P D 1
^ "^ 1 £ 3 9
P 20 1
Bin 150 •
I
C 56
" P 40 "
P 70
S Bin 4
" V n "
N,B,—The written particulars in "Residence" column are omitted in practice—the
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCCUNTS. 19
GOODS OUTWARD
Wii.e
Doz. Botts. Galls.
5
10
8
Spirits
Botts. ' Description
P S I pf.
X 2 17 u.p.
R I pf.
No. of
J a r s and Cases
E 300
Cask 12084
Cask 84
Order
No.
By whom
sent
14
14
iN-Bond, LI
55 orig. gall
mdond
50 ulla
27
14
P S Glenlivet
' Gerand & Cie, i8g8 "
R pf.
F 10 u.p.
X I 17 u.p.
P S 5
R 2
F I
( 4 x 3 220 226 290 2,30
'( I X 2 76
4 X 3310 318 27^ 3'0i
1 , I X 2 80
j Orig. Cases not charged, N
Orig. Cask not char ^ed
Octave No. 80 1
OS. 86749-86799
erry ,
ge (present ,]regauge ) 14 o.p. •" 57 proof galls, j
28
28
F I pale
6 R 2
Ö PS5
4 X I
3 F Liqueur
P S Ben Nevis
F I I
Reserved in Bin to order
P S Ben Loniand
F Vintage 1884
Curatjoa White Sec 1
Vintage 1896, sealed Red'
\'intagei8yG,sealed Blue,
Cask No.
D III
Cask 25
Cask 30
Ca-e
27
(20 doz ) 240
12
P S Ben Nevis
F Liqueur
Maraschino
J 3 X 3 218 250 251
I I Case i /m
Cask 182
J 6 X 3 204 212 293
I I Case 2/84
Orig. Case
Orig. Case
10 X 3 234 227 239 2
95 228 2
36 2S2 2
Self
do.
do.
3299370323341
mark or description being sufficient for the Bin or Ledger Clerk to enter up from.
C 2
Form 6.
SANDAI.HAMPTON. .190.
Mr.
Bought 0}
UNIVERSAL WINE & SPIRIT CO.
Importers of Wines and Spirits.
Quantity
Empties Returned
Ddivereil by
SANDALHAMPTON. .
Ml-..
Bought Of
UNIVERSAL WINE & SPIRIT CO.
Importers of Wines and Spirits.
Quantity
JARS SPIRIT
CASKS WINE
SPIRIT...
DOZENS WINE..
SPIRIT
.. .Empties Returned.
Received bv
SANDM.HAMPTON igo....
Bought of
UNIVERSAL WINE & SPIRIT CO.
Importers of Wines and Spirits.
Quantity
JARS SPIRIT
CASKS WINE
SPIRIT...
DOZENS WINE. .
SPIRIT.
.. .Empties Returned.
OeUvered bv
n
o
C
•2,
H
O c ï l - Ö S ^ 5 ' ° ^ Ö 3^ H S .g- o cr "^ a-
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS. 21
Delivery of Goods. —
In town this is done by the firm's own emjjloyees, or by
delivery companies. Old bottled wines of rare vintages are care­fully
carried in flat baskets, in order that the crust should not
be broken and the wine depreciated; or, if packed in cases, they
are put lying the same way as they had previously done in the bin.
Country merchants generally have a system of regular delivery
by their own light spring vans in the villages and to\vns
adjacent, and following upon their traveller's canvass for orders.
This method, besides being a good form of advertisement for the
firm, is convenient for collecting empties at the least trouble to
the customer and cost to the business. It is not always customary
to obtain receipts for goods delivered, but it is advisable to dO'
so, and to give receipts for empties. A form of Carman's
Delivery Note is here appended.
Cash Sales Book.—
Many family Wine Merchants who have no bar or retail busi­ness
attached, do a considerable trade in selling single bottles
of wines and spirits for cash, and if a grocer's or Italian ware­houseman's
business is carried on conjointly this will especially
be the case. As it is unnecessary—the article being paid for—tO'
enter it in the Order Book, a small book ruled for (Quantity,
Description, and Money columns with five or six perforated
slips to a page is used. The sale is recorded in this, and the
total amount taken each day is entered in the Cash Book as
One Cash (Monday), Two Cash (Tuesday), according to the day
of the week. The number of bottles sold is entered weekly
into the Order Book, and thus included in the total sales there
shown. The perforated slip is the cellarman's authority to take
the bottle from his stock, and it is entered up at the end of his
day's orders as Cash Sales in the Cellarman's Book.
r'
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS.
Form 7.—
CASH SALES BOOK.
Description
Bottles
I
I
I
I
I
1
I
2
I
2
I
2
fi
1 0
Jannaiy 2nd 1904. ; s d
Port 30
X I Gin ..
Sherry D ..
Scotch Whisky 2
Rum 2
Claret 39 ..
Port 30
Gin 17 u.p. I
Port 30
PS Whisky 2 ..
Rum 2
Gin 17 u.p. I
Wines i8s. od. 1
Spirits 32s. od.}
. . 1 3 0
. . ' 26
. . j 2 6
3 10
. . , 4 6
5 0
. . ; 3 6
4 6
3 6
7 Ö
4 6
4 6
Sales Day Book.—
This book is entered up daily from the " Cellarman's Book,"
or, in some instances, from the cellarman's Slip Ticket, initialled
by him as correct after the order entered thereon has been sent
out of stock.
Columns are ruled for Quantity Sold—Dozens and Bottles
for wines. Gallons and Bottles for spirits. If the totals of these
columns are used for checking the stock, care will have to be
taken to enter the proper equivalent sold—as, for instance,
where half bottles are sent out, the quantity in bottles should be
entered, with an interlined remark that so many dozens of half
bottles at such a jnice were delivered.
The Date is first entered on a separate line; then follows the
Name and Address of the customer, with Particulars of the goods
sold, at what rate, and the amount. These particulars are
posted to the debit of the customer's account in the firm's
Ledger, and, when done, the folio and distinctive letter of the
Ledger is entered opposite the entry.
It is convenient and simpler in working, if, as in the example
here given, only two columns are shown in the Day Book—viz..
Form 8.
SALES DAY BOOK.
Wines
Doz. Botts.
Spirits
Gall. Botts.
S-2
Particulars Price Total
Private Customers
Wines
£ s d
Spirits
£ s d
Public or Licensed
Customers
Wines
£ s d
Spirits
£ s d
Vaults Trade
Wines
£ s d
Spirits
£ s d
>
z
Ü
S
w
so
n
>
z
Hn
n
O d
z
H
1
24 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
" Wines " and " Spirits '"—to agree with the columns provided
for Quantities. There is no great necessity for any other,
though, if thought well for purposes of analysis, these may be
sub-di\'ided into the articles that come under each designation—
as, for instance. Wines might include Port, Sherrv, Champagnes,
&c. ; or into qualities, as Red, White, or Sparkling ; Spirits
would include Brandy, Whisky, Liqueurs, tkc, but this is not
often done in practice. Where additions to the wine and spirit
business are made—such as Mineral Waters, C'igars, Beer
Agencies, &c.— a special column should be provided in the Sales
Day Book for ea<"h class of goods to keep the business done in
each clear and distinct.
Another division, which meets with some favour for the
assistance it gives in balancing the Ledgers, is that of columns
for the business done with Private Customers and Public or
Licensed Trade Customers, and, where businesses have one in
connection, Vaults or Bar Trade. A Ledger is kept for each
class of custom, and the totals of each from the Sales Day Book
being easily obtained, there is not much difficulty in striking a
monthly or half-yearly balance. The very necessary information
as to the sejjarate sales of wines and spirits could be
ascertained by extracting that information from each page of the
Sales Day Book and tabulating the same, or by using a form of
ruling as given on page 23.
The simpler division into two columns—viz., Wines and
Spirits—is recommended, however; with, if desired, a separate
Day Book for each class of customer to correspond with the
Ledgers. Thus the amount of business done with each could be
readily extracted and the Ledgers made self-balancing.
The Sales Day Book is totalled monthly, and the amount is
carried to the credit of the account in the Nominal Ledger by
means of a Journal entry.
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS.
Form 9, SALKS DAY IH)()K.
Wines
:DOZ.
Spirits
Botts. Galls. Botts.
Ledger
Folio I Description
100 A
JANUARY 2 1902.
Holland & Sons, Bacup-
Gin, 17 u.p.
Scotch Whisky, pf. ..
Rum, pf.
Brandy, Pale ..
Jones, Jno., Liverpool—
Port, 1890 Vintage ..
Sherry, Palido
Californian Burgundy
Scotch Whisky
Benedictine
480B Four Cash Sales
JANUARY 3 1902.
200A Kelly, James, Morecambe—
I hhd. Irish Whisky e31,027 55-51 regause 14
o.p., in bond, London­derry,
t_a
Cask 15/-, Distillery returnable
Price
480 B Five Cash Sales
472 B
4Ö0B
480 B
300 A
400 A
JANUARY 4 1902.
Fletcher, Hon. Ed., Hassop
H o u s e -
Port
Sherry, Pale ..
Champagne
Do. 2 doz. :^-botts. (i)er
24) . . " ..
Chablis ..
Old Liqueur Brandy
JANUARY 8 1902.
Three Cash Sales
JANUARY 10 1902.
Five Cash Sales
Office Account
Parkinson, E., Settle—
Gin, 17 u.p
Irish Whisky, pf.
Scotch Whisky, pf
I quarter cask Port, ex. pipe,
No. 5 Tawny, c/ /14 14s.
per 28 gallons
JANUARY 15 1902.
Jackson, John, Preston—
4 galls. Port
4 galls. Sherry
Irish Whisky, pf., reduced
to 5 galls., 20 u.p
Carried forward ..
Spirits
14/-
18/-
22/-
58/-
30/-
30/-
25/-
7/6
30/-
30/-
04.'-
24/-
8/-
0 14 o
3 12 o
1 10 o
14/-
18/-
36/9
10/6
10/6
14/6
5 o
o 15
10/6 .. 26 15 6
1 3 0
68 13
4 16
3 2 6
2 16
18 o
10 13
3 12 6
108
26 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
Form 9—{continued). SALES DAY BOOK.
Wines Spirits
Doz.
44
B o t t s . b a l l s .
1
7 I35ï
Bottp.
5
I 107»
I
•
Ledger
Folio
200 A
Description
I
2
2
I
12
12
I
2
105
3
10
2
6
2
6
5
3
3
3
262J
12 1
13 1
510 A
473 B
474 B
471 B
Brought forward ..
JANUARY 16 1902.
Kelly, James, Morecambe—
2 hhds. Scotch Whisky,
Bowie, i8gS September,
o.p.
1628 7021 56bondedii 53*5
löag 7022 58 „ II 54.'o
Sold at regauge in bond. .io7'5
Distillery Casks returnable.
JANUARY 18 1902.
Lofty & Co., Manchester—
Champaf^ne, Moet's ..
20 d o / . ^ botts do,, per 24
Champagne, .A,yala ..
4 doz. h botts. do., per 24
Californian Port
Californian Burgundy
East, Henry, Buxton—
Chianti
Cherry Whisky
James, Ernest, Rhyl—
4doz. Jbotts.Claret,per doz.
Marsala
JANUARY 20 1902.
Jones, Jno., L i v e r p o o l -
Claret, St. Estephe ..
Sherry, Palido
JANUAR\ 24 1902.
Kelly, James, Morecambe—
Scotch Whiskv, Glenlivet ..
100 A Holland & Sons, Bacup-j
Ginger Brandy
Peppermint ..
Cloves ..
JANUARY 25 1902.
480 B Six Cash Sales ..
Office Account
JANUARY 28 1902.
477 B Travers, Geo., Poynton—
Port
Claret
Sauterne, Chat Yquem
480 B Two Cash Sales..
Carried forward
7/6
70/-
75/-
78/-
83/-
36/-
25/-
30/-
3/6
26/-
24/-
28/-
36/-
21/-
10/6
10/6
7/6
84/-
30/-
72/-
Wines Spirits
£
:io8
40 6 s
35 o o
37 10 o
II 14 o
8 6 0
1 16 o
I 5 o
3 7 6
16 lö
21 12
I
4
3
I
0
220
4
4
0
Ib
5
5
6
0
0
0
0
0
5
I
I
I
2
:0a
5
II
II
2
7
7
6 &
6
6
4
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCCTTNTS. 27
Form g—(continued). SALES DAY BOOK.
Wines
Doz.
ro5
14
14
50
24
28
28
10
30
305
Botts.
6
2
I
10
6
I
Spirits
, Galls.
262^
5
10
8
1 0
27
14
20
4
15
I t)
4
27
40
2
2
467I
Botts.
2(1
I
18
3
Ledger
Folio
500 A
475 B
600 A
480 B
2C0A
480 B
480 B
480 B
481 B
471 B
472 B
479 B
Description
Brought forward ..
JANUARY 29 1902.
HendtTPon, Geo. J., Liverpool
Irish Whisky, pf
Gin, 17 11.p.
Rum, pf.
Piatt, Hy., Bolton—
Port, Vintage 1896 ..
Port, Dixon's D Diamond ,.
Scotch Whisky
Champagne, Geraud & Cie,
1Ö93, Nos. 86749/99 • •
Hillside Brewery Co., Lim.,
S a l e -
Rum, Jamaica, pf
Brandy, Pale, Vintage i8go..
Three Cash bales
Kelly, Jas., Morecambe—
Duty on i hhd. Irish Whisky,
/ \ 31,027 in bond, London-
\ \ ? derry, 55 original, 50
ullage, 14 o.p.^57 pf.
gall, (a (net cash)
JANUARY 30 1902.
Twitcher, Timothy—
Pale Brandy
Hanbury, J o n a s -
Tarragona
Marsala
Four Cash Sales
Midland Railway Co.—
Port .. .. per doz.
Old Liqueur Brandy, per bot.
Claim for breakage in transit
consigned to Honble. E.
Fletcher, Hassop, Jan. 4th
Jones, Jno., Liverpool-
Scotch Whisky, Old..
Pale Brandy
Claret, St. Estephe ..
Reserved in bin to order.
Fletcher, Hon. Ed., Hassop—
Scotch Whisky, Old ..
Vintage Pale Brandy
2 doz. Liqueurs Curagao ..
Port, Croft's 1896 Vintage ..
Port, Sandeman's i8g6 Vint.
Armitage, John, C h e s t e r -
Sherry
Scotch Whisky, Old..
20 doz. Old Liqueur Brandy
I doz. Maraschino ..
I doz. Benedictine ..
Port, Fine Old bottled
Price
18/-
14/-
17/-
42/-
3«-
96/-
17/6
2 1 / -
11/-
5'-
i/f)
2/-
30/-
8/-
25/-
30/-
28/-
24/6
33/6
90/-
40/-
40/-
42/-
25.'-
60,'-
78;-
9^/-
03/-
£
Wines
i s A
220 5 0
29 8 0
26 12 0
240 0 0
0 3 0
Ü 2 6
I 10 0
0 15 0
Zl 12 0
56 0 0
56 0 0
2 1 0 0
94 10 0
779 17 6
Spirits
i s d
162 7 4
4 10 0
7 0 0
6 16 0
10 10 0
23 12 6
14 14 0
3 2 0
31 7 0
0 5 0
2 0 6
I 4 0
25 0 0
6 0 0
iS 7 C
16 15 0
9 0 0
33 15 0
60 0 0
3 18 0
4 10 0
444 13 10
28 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
Sales Credit Book.—
This should be ruled the same as the Sales Day Book, or, if
the entries are not sufficiently numerO'US for a separate book,
the pages at the end of the Sales Day Book, headed (in red ink)
Credit Returns, might be used.
The use of this book is for crediting customers with Sundry
Returns, Allowances, and Overcharges. A mistake in an order,
or goods returned through not being liked—the matter is put
right by an entry here, and passing to the credit of the
customer's Ledger Account. The monthly or half-yearly total is
debited to the Wine or Siiirit Account in the Xominal Ledger,
or credited off the total of Sales shown.
Under no circumstances should this Returns Book be used to
record any kind of purchase, whether of wines, spirits, or
sundries, and the principal should be constantly on the alert to
see that no improper use is made of tliis means of crediting a
Personal Account.
Form lo.—
Wines
Doz. Bolts.
6
1
6
SALES
Spirits
Galls
3
Botts.
3
30
33 3
Ledger
Foiio
472 B
300 A
100 A
I A
CREDIT BOOK. (RETU
Description
JANI-ARY IO igo2.
Fletcher, Hon. Ed., Hassop
H o u s e -
Port
Old Liqueur Brandy
Broken in transit and claimed
off Railway Company.
JANUARY 20 1902.
Parkinson, E., S e t t l e -
Overcharge on Irish Whisky,
• pf.
2ogalls. charged at i8/-should
be at 17/6
JANUARY 28 1902.
Holland & Sons, Bacup—
Ginger Brandy la
Refused and Rtiurned.
[ANL'ARY 30 1502.
Sandalhampton Hotel Com­p
a n y -
Brandy Returned
Total ..
Price
1 30/-
1 s/-
i
; 10/6
^ i / -
Wines
£ s d
0 15 0
£0 15 0
Spirits
£ s d
I 4 0
0 10 0
I II 6
30 0 0
£33 5 6
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS. 29
CHAPTER III.
SALES LEDGER.
The Ledger is an important book in every business, being an
abstract of other books, and showing the accounts either of the
merchant himself or of persons entrusted with commodities on
his behalf, or of others with whom he deals. Into it in its
various sub-divisions is collated all information regarding a
firm's financial position, its relation to the persons the firm has
dealings with, and the result of its trailing operations. In exten­sive
concerns it is found more convenient to have several Ledgers
for the different branches of the business—such as To\Yn
Ledger, Country Ledger, Agency or Foreign Ledger—and in
the particular business we are considering we shall, for more
than one reason, find the best sub-division to be into Public or
Trade (Licensed) Customers' Ledger and Private Customers'
Ledger, the size and importance of the books varying with the
style and class of business done by the merchant. The first, or
Trade Customers, are dealt with on strict terms of credit at
wholesale prices, whereas the private customers have the
reputation of taking advantage of the full credit terms allowed
on their accounts.
Public or Licensed Trade Ledger.—
Owing tO' the systematic purchase of licensed houses by brewers
during the past ten or fifteen years, this section of their trade has
3 0 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
to a great extent passed out of the hands of the country Wine Mer­chants.
'I'he consequence has l)een that the Hcensee or tenant is
tied to the brewer, who has either set up a Wine and Spirit
Department in his brewery, and supphed those articles, with
beer, to his own houses ; or " tied " his tenants by agreement
to take their supplies of wines and spirits from his " nominee,"
a Wine and Spirit Merchant who may very likely be largely
financed by the brewer, or a limited company in which the
brewer has a controlling influence by reason of holding a pre­ponderance
of the ordinary share capital. In some instances
the local merchant may secure a continuance of his old connec­tion,
and retain his influence by coming to terms with the brewer
to supply his houses. In this Ledger, therefore, he will enter
the accounts of customers who hold either a—
(i) Spirit Dealer's Licence to sell not less than two gallons
off the premises.
(2) Spirit Retailer's Licence to sell not less than one reputed
quart off the premises.
(3) Wine Dealer's Wholesale Licence, off the premises.
(4) Wine Retailer's Licence, on and off the premises.
(5) Wine and Sjjirit Grocer's off the Premises Licence,
Ireland and Scotlaitd.
(6) Spirit Retailers' (Publicans) or full Licence.s, entitling the
holder to retail every description of excisable beverages
on or off the premises.
These are waited upon by the representative of the firm at
regular intervals—viz., every two or three months ; and for easy
reference the accounts are entered in the sequence or order of
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 31
their respective journeys in the Ledger, sufficiënt space being
left between each journey for new accounts being opened.
The abstracting of accounts for the traveller is thus easily and
expeditiously done. The index, which is best bound separately
from the Ledger, should have on the first leaf (for quick refer­ence)
a general classification of the journeys and the pages
allotted to each, and aftenvards the names of individual
customers arranged in alphabetical order, one letter to a page,
giving Name, Sign of the House, Place, and Ledger folio, all
on the same line. At the head of each account in the Ledger it
is advisable to enter in abbre\-iate(l memoranda any information
the merchant may know respecting the house—i.e., the owner's
name; if sold at any time, the value it realised; the brewer's
name, if tied; and the limit of amount and credit to be allowed
to the tenant for the time being. Such information is often of
the greatest importance and value.
Private Customers' Ledger.—
This is generally the largest bocik, and constitutes a
valuable record of the business of an old-established family
Wine Merchant, containing, as it would do, numerous and
important accounts. It has a separate index, the names being
entered in alphabetical order.
The rulings in this and the j:revious Ledger are alike, and
need not differ from an ordinary Ledger ruling. It is, however,
very useful to have duplicate money columns on the debit side,
which may be used for balancing purjjoses, entering monthly or
half-yearly totals, or memorandum of empties owing.
To> make an entry from the Sales Day Book the date is first
written, followed by " To Goods," the folio of the Day Book,
and the amount of the debit. Afterwards, in making out the
3 2 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
account, the clerk must have the Sales Day Book at his elbow to
obtain particulars of the entry ; and this, in a case where refer­ence
to goods supplied for several years back is required,
becomes tedious and perplexing. It is therefore infinitely better
that the entry should be a cojjy of the Day Book, or at least
an abbreviated one, giving Quantity, Description, and Price.
Where a customer has purchased \intage wines, the Shipper,
Mark, and Colour of Seal on the Cork should be noted in the
Ledger entry, and then, when at some future time information
on these points is desired, it will facilitate business to be able
to give the same promptly without reference to old disused Sales
Day Books.
The balances standing in Ledgers A and B on December
31st 1901 are as under: —
Form II— SALES LEDGERS.
BALANXES, December 31st 1901.
Ledger
A
I
100
200
300
400
510
Ledger
B
471
472
475
476
478
479
Sandalhampton Hotel Company
Holland and Son
Kelly, James
Parkinson, E.
Jackson, John
Lofty & Co.
Jones, J
Fletcher, Hon.
Piatt, Hy
Amiott, Charles ..
Thwaites, Son & Lisle
Armitage, John
Balances this date
WINE AND SPIRIT M E R C H A N T S ' ACCOUNTS. 33
The balances in the Ledgers on January 31st 1902 are as
under : —
Form 12— SALES LEDGERS.
BALANXES, January 31st 1902.
Ledger
A.
100
200
300
500
510
600
Ledger
B.
471
472
474
475
476
477
479
481
Holland & Son
Kelly, James
Parkinson, E.
Henderson, George J.
Lofty & Co.
Hilltide Brewery Company
Jones, John ..
Fletcher, Hon. E.
James, Ernest
Piatt, Henry
Amiott, Chas.
Travers, Geo.
Armitage, John
Midland Railway Company
Balances this date
Trial Balance, Sales Ledgers A and B.
Form 13— SALES LEDGERS.
TRIAL BALANCE, January 31st 1902.
igoi
Dec. 31
igo2
Jan. 31
„
"
"
1902
Feu. I
Balances—Ledger A.
Ledger B.
Sales—Wines '
Spirits
Cash Received
Discounts Given
Returns Credit
Bad Debts
Balances
I
Balances
r. s
5«6 2
337 2
779 17
444 13
2,147 16
1,181 2
d
6
6
6 •
10
<
I
Wines ..
Spirits ..
Ledger A.
„ B.
£ s d
g22 II 3
7 10 0
0 15 0
33 5 6
2 12 C)
275 I I
goG T 0
2,147 16 4
D
3 4 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
Balances, December ^ist 1901, are amounts due by customers
to the firm as per particulars given on preceding list at this date.
Sales.—The amounts placed tO' the debit of the accounts in
the Ledgers being the total of the two columns Wines and
Spirits of the Sales Day Book for the month of January.
Cash Received.—The amounts credited to the accounts in the
Ledgers from the Cash Book, and being the total of the column
Sales Ledgers in that book.
Credit Returns.—The total of amounts credited to the
Ledger Accounts for Goods, &c., returned, and is taken from
the Credit Sales Ledger or Returns Book.
Bad IJeMs.—These are by a Journal entry carried to an
account for Bad Debts, and dealt with in the Profit and Loss
Account.
Balances, January 31^/ 1902, as per jireceding list, are
accounts owing at this date to the firm taken out of the two
Ledgers.
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS. 35
Form 14.
PUBLIC OR LICENSED TRADE CUSTOMERS.
LEDGER "A.'
GENERAL INDEX.
Local
No. I Journey, Bacup District (Roclidale, Burnley,
Blacliburn, Guide Bridge)
2 ,, Morecambe District (&c.)
3 .. Settle ,, ,,
4 ,, Preston ,, ,,
5 ,, Liverpool ,, ,,
6 ,, Sale ,, ,,
General
F
I
. 100
. 200
• 300
. 400
• 500
. 600
. 700
01-10
to
,,
>•
)»
J>
„
„
,, I
100
199
299
399
499
599
699
,000
PARTICULAR INDEX
Holland c1 Sons, Bacup
Henderson, G. J., Liverpool ..
Hillside Brewery Company, Sale
Jackson, Jno., Preston ..
Kelly, Jas., Morecambe..
Lofty & Co., ]VIanchester
Parkinson, Elijah, Settle
Sandalhampton Hotel Company, Sandalhampton
500
600
4C0
200
510
300
I
D 2
LOCAL.
Dr. SANDALHAMPTON HOTEL COMPANY, SANDALHAMPTON.
MEMO.—1902 Price, £C,ooo. Free. JOHN JAMES, Manager.
Cr
igo2
Jan. I To Balance
£ s d £ s
130 10
^130 10 0
1902 I
Jan. 30 By Cash
{Dividend, first and final)
" ' ;/ 30 galls. Brandy returned.,
31 I „ Bad Debt Account..
509
S.B.
49
P.L.
3
£ s d £ s d
97 17 6
30 o o
2 12 6
^130 10 o
100
Dy.
igo2
Jan. I
MEMO.—Safe Account.
No. I JOURNEY.
HOLLAND & SONS. BACUP.
GROCERS.
Cv.
To Balance
10 galls.Gin, 17 u.p. .. 14/-
5 „ Scotch Whisky, pf. la/-
5 „ Rum, pt. .. 18/-
10 „ Brandy,pale,i5U.p. 22/-
3 „ Ginger Brandy 10/6
3 „ Peppermint .. 15/6
3 „ Cloves .. .. 7/6
10
10
10
10
II
II
II
£ s
50 0
7 0
4 ID
4 10
II 0
I II
I II
I 2
d
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
6
£
4
I
2
s d
5 6
II 6
14 0
igo2
Jan. 2
10
28
By Cash
„ Cash
„ Discount
„ 3galls. Ginger Brandy 10/6
509
509
509
C.S.B.
49
£ s ,1
50 0 0
25 13 0
I 7 0
1 II 6
£ s d
I II 0
ON
•z
w
>
Ö
S
H
w
o
K >
2;
H
n
o
d
z
H
i;i nTHMfffe
200 No 2 JOURNEV.
Dr. KELLY, J A M E S , M O R E C A M B E.
MEMO.—Owners, Sea View Brewery Company. Free. " T H E TROCADERO."
igo2
Jan. I I T O Balduce
1 hhd Irish Whisky, No.
<ov> 31,027-
51 ^alls. regaiige, 14 o.p. at 10/6,
in bond
(Distillery cask returnable or
charged 15/-)
2 hhds. Scotch Whisky, Bowie,
Sept. i 8 g 8 -
1,628
^ ° ' 7,021 ^^ 53'5 ull- II o.p.
I'629
^ ^ • J ^ 58 54-0 nil. II o.p.
107-5 galls at 7/6
(Distillery cask returnable)
5 galls. Scotch Whisky, Glen-livet,
21/-
Duty on i hhd. Irish Whisky,
< ^ 31,027, 57 pf. galls.
\ / at 11/- net
i s d
120 O 0
26 15 6
£ s d
36 12 O
31 7 O
igc2
Jan. 2 By Cash .,
„ Do. ..
„ Discount
„ Cash ..
« Discount
Cash ,
5 0 0
Cv.
509
509
£ s d
120 o o
26 10 o
0 5 6
d
509
519
39 16 o
o 10 3
S
W w
n
K>
z
509
>
n
n
O zd
30O
Dr.
N o . 3 J O U R N E Y.
P A R K I N S O N , E L I J A H , S E T T L E.
300
' T11ÏC CLARENDON."
rgns
Jan. I To Balance
4 galls. Gin, l y u . p . .. 14/-
20 „ Irish Whisky, pf. 18/-
12% „ Scotch „ „ 18/-
28 „ Port, Tawny, No 5,
at £14 14s.
£ s
150 o
2 16
£ s d
196 3 7
81 5 o
114 18 7
1902
Jan. 10 By Cash ,
„ Do. ,
Overcharge on Whisky
509
509
C.S.B.
49
I s
40 15
40 0
0 10
d
0
0
0
Cr.
£ s d
00
•2,
W
>
Ö
S
H
M
W
O
K>
H
O
O
O
d
400
iJ)-.
igo2
Jan. I To Balance
4 galls. Port
4 „ Sherry ..
4 „ Irish Whisky,
reduced to 2c
=^ 5 galls, at
N o . 4 J O U R N E Y.
J A C K S O N , J O H N , P R E S T O N.
400
Cr.
JO/6
10/5
pf.,
u.p.
14/6
TI
II
II
£ s
35 10
3 12 6
THP: VAULTS."
£ s d 1902 I
Jan. 2 1 By Cash ..
25 i „ Do. ..
Discount
509
509
509
£ s
35 10
7 9
0 6
d
0
9
9
5 0 0
Dr.
No. 5 JOURNEY.
HENDERSON, GEO. J., LIVERPOOL.
500
Cr.
' T H E P I E R HOTEL.'
1902
Jan. 29 lis. I.Whisky,pf.,PSi 18/-
Gin, 17 u.p. X2 14/-
Riitn, pf... R8 17/-
12
12
12
=f s
4 10
7 0
6 16
d
0
0
0
£ s d £ s d £ s d
510
Dr.
No. 5 JOURNEY.
LOFTY & CO., MANCHESTER.
CATERERS.
5 Ï0
Cr.
1902
Jan. I To Balance
18 110 doz. Champagne, Meet's, 70/-
'20 „ ^-botts.do.do.,per24,75/-
3 « do Ayala, 78/-
4 „ J-botts. do. do., per 24,83/-
I „ Californian Port .. 36/-
I „ do. Burgundy, 25/-
£
100
35 o
37 10
I I 14
8 6
I 16
I 5
93 II
1902
Jan.25 By Cash, and Discount 2/6 , 509
£
lao
600
Dr.
No. 6 JOURNEY.
HILLSIDE BREWERY COMPANY, LIM., SALE.
600
Cr.
1902
Jan. 29 27 galls. Rum, pf. Jamaica, 17/6
„ 14 „ Pale Brandy,
1890 Vintage, 21/-
12
12
f. s
23 12
H 14
d
6
0
£• s d
6 6
£ s d £ s d
2
s
w
w
n ffl
>
z
n
n
o
z
40 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
Form 15.
PRIVATE CUSTOMERS' " LEDGER B.'
Amiott, Charles, Oswestry
Armitage, John, Chester..
East, Henry, Buxton
Fletcher, Hon Edward, Hassop House
Jones, John, Liverpool ..
James, Ernest, Rhyl
Midland Railway Company
Piatt, Henry, Bolton
Sundries Account ..
Travers, George, Poynton
Thwaites, Son & Lisle, Bury
476
479
473
472
471
474
481
475
480
471
480
I
Dr.~4ji
iqo2
Jan. I
2
„
„
„
„
20
„
30
„
To Balance
3 doz. Port, 1890 Vintage
2 „ Sherry, Palido ..
I „ Californian Bur­gundy
.. net
4 galls Scotch Whisky „
2 botts. Benedictine „
12 doz. Claret, St. Estèphe
12 „ Sherry, Palido ..
20 galls. Scotch Whisky,
Old
4 galls. Pale Brandy ..
24 doz. Claret, St. Estèphe
reserved in Bin
^si-
^6/-
^0/-
2-^h
716
?.si-
S6/-
25/-
^0/-
28/-
10
10
10
10
10
ri
I I
12
12
12
I
\
JONES, JOHN, LIVERPOOL,
£ s
35 5
8 14
3 12
I 10
5 0
0 15
16 16
21 12
25 0
6 0
33 12
d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
£ s d
103 D 0
1902
Jan. 2 By Cash and Discount
Do. do. ..
13/-
11/-
509
509
Cr.
£
35
2
a
1—1
w
o
M>
>
n
o
o
c)
H
Dr.—472 FLETCHER, THE HON. EDWARD, HASSOP HOUSE. Cr.
1902
Jan. I To Balance
doz. Port
doz. Sherry, Pale
doz. Champagne
doz. i-botts. Cham­pagne,
ig, per 24
doz. Chablis ..
botts. Old Liqueur
Brandy
galls. Scotch Whisky,
Old
galls. Vintage Pale
Brandy
doz. Liqueur Curagoa
doz. Port, Crofts, 1896
doz. Port, Sandeman's
18.JÖ
30/-
30/-
84/-
24/-
24/6
33/Ö
90/-
40/-
40/-
£ s d
50 o o
4 9 0
2 8 0
4 16 o
18 7 6
16 15 o
g o o
56 o o
5Ö o o
£ s d
195 4 6
I 19 o
193 5 6
1902
By Cash 509
„ l doz. Port ..
„ 3 botts O.L. Brandy
C.S.B
30;- 49
c.s.u
49
£ s d
50 o o
o 15 o
1 4 0
•Z
a
Ui
S
2
H
w
w
n
?
s
>
n
n
o
c:
2
H
^'••—473
igo2
Jan. i8 23^5 doz, Chianti .. 30/-
12 botts. Cherry Whisky 3/6
Dr.--4y4
1902
Jan. 18 4 doz. M)Otts. Claret, @.
per 24
r do7. Marsala ..
26/-
24/-
EAST, HENRY, BUXTON. Cr.
II
ÏI
£ s a
3 7 6
2 2 0
£s 9 6
£ s d 1902
Jan.29 By Cash 509
£ s d
5 9 6
£5 9 6
JAMES, ERNEST, M.D., RHYL. Cl'.
•z
w
>
O
Ui 3
2
H
w
w
n ffi
>
z
£ s d
2 12 O
1 4 0
£ s d
3 16 o
i' s d > no
O d
tz
H
-1^
Di'
igo2
Jan. I
29
—475
To Balance
14 doz. Port, 1896 Vintage 42/-
14 „ „ Dixon ^ ^ 38/-
10 galls. Scotch Whisky 21/-
50 doz. Champagne,
Gerand 1893 . . .. 96/-
12
12
12
12
P L A T T , H E N R Y , B O L T O N.
£ s d
64 0 0
29 8 0
26 12 0
10 10 0
240 0 0
£ s d
306 10 0
1902
Jan. 2 By Cash
„ Discount
509
509
Cr.
£ s d
Di
1902
Tan. I
- 4 76 A M I O T T , C H A R L E S , O S W E S T R Y.
£ s d
52 17 6
£ s d
52 17 6
30 0 0
22 17 6
1902
Jan. 10 ByCash 509
Cr.
£ s d
30 0 0
Dr
igo2
Jan. 28
- 4 77
1 doz. Port
2 „ Claret .
^ „ Sauterne
Yquem.
Chiit
84/-
30/-
72/-
II
II
II
TRAVERS, GEORGE,
£ s d
4 4 0
3 0 0
I 16 0
£ s d
9 0 0
I'OYNTON. Cr.
£ s d
w
i-a
w
H
w
w
o
a
z
H
>
n
o
O
d
Z
H
nai
n,. >«Q TT-Tl^.^ \ TTT7Q CnXT J?r T TCT TT TV/TT:
Dr.—478 THWATTES, SON & LISLE, MESSRS., BURY. Cr.
ig02
Jan. I To Balance
£ s d
17 0 0
£17 0 0
£ s d 1902
Jan.15 By Cash
„ Discount
509
509
£ s d
16 10 0
0 10 0
£-^7 0 0
2
Dy.—479 ARMITAGE, JOHN, CHESTER. Cr.
1902
Jan. I
30
To Balance
10 doz. Sherry ..
27 galls. Scotch Whisky
Old
20 doz. Old Liqueur
Brandy
I doz. Maraschino
I „ Benedictine
30 „ Port
42'/'-
25/-
60/-
7»/-
90I-bll-ia
12
12
12
12
12
£ s d
33
(ÏO
3
4
94
15
0
18
10
10
265 13
igo2
Jan. 3 By Cash . 509
509
£ s d
50 0 o
n
l-H
>
n
n
o
a
K_4a>fe"-;':iiKfL?fc«i!;z.; ^-(ii^»'-^_c^^--*iy--.u;
46 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
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t^feH^xhc-'HI^tiH
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t ^ s a f e t t t s ï t
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roU
I
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 47
CHAPTER IV.
RECEIVED GOODS AND PURCHASES OR BOUGHT
DAY BOOKS.
Received Goods Book.—
When goods are received in bulk by water or rail, the cellar-man,
before signing the Carman's Sheet, should satisfy himself
that no tampering with, or leakage, has taken place en route.
Every Wine Merchant should ha\e a weighing machine, and
check off the weight as given by the Delivery Sheet with what
his own machine shows. Many an overcharge may be detected
by these means, and the cost of the machine soon saved. Each
weight should be entered in the Goods Received Kook, with
name of sender, description, and delivering railway company.
The Monthly Carriage Account received from the railway com-
])any should be checked by this book, and, in the case of goods
sent outwards, with the Outward Consignment Xotes.
A further instance of the utility of a weighing machine as a
check is when some of the principal gin rectifiers invoice and
send out casks of gin by weight; the tare and net are shown,
and the number of gallons the net weight equals is entered and
priced out at the rate per gallon, as under: —
No. of Per gallon at
Cask Gross Tare Net 12/6 = ^67 IDS.
102 .. 10 3 9 .. 1 3 2 .. 9 0 7 = 108 galls, contents.
4 8 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
Of course, this is checked when the cask is racked off, but
seeing the weights agree is a quicker and quite as satisfactory
a test.
Form 16.—
GOODS RFXEIVED BOOK.
Convey­ance
Name
from
Address Descrip- ^ ^
tion ^^
Railway
Company's
Weight
Tons cwt. qrs. lbs.
Firm's
Weight
Tons cwt. qrs. lbs.
Purchases or Bought Day Book.—
In small country businesses, probably on the score of
economy in labour as well as cost, it is customary to dispense
with this book, and by carrying the total of the invoice forward
on consecutive invoices, if filed, or, if gummed in a Guard Book,
on the brown paper sheet, obtain a monthly or half-yearly total
to balance the Ledgers with, the posting to the account in the
Ledger being made directly from the invoice.
This is not to be advised, for what may be saved in labour is
lost in efBcienc)', no information being given as to the amount
of purchases in any section, or of any particular article sold in
the business, and as the connection increases, and probably
agencies are brO'Ught in, the confusion becomes worse, and a
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 49
Bought Day Book has to be starte 1, which ought to have been
done from the first.
The following pages will show the ruling of this book and
the columns into which the in^-oices are analysed. These in
an ordinary Wine and Spirit Merchant's business need not be
numerous, and in some are limited to two—viz., Wines and
Spirits—but this hardly gives sufficient information, and it is
better to go a little further, and sub-divide them into Wines,
Duty on Wines; Sjjirits, Duty on Spirits; and Corks, Bottles,
and Capsules that are included in the cost of the same. If
further information is needed by reason of the Sales Day Book
being sub-divided into the different classes of wines and spirits
—such as Port, Sherry, Whisky, Gin, &c.—it is very easy to
analyse the goods purchased into similar columns in this book.
Then, if the stock is taken separately, the trading in each article
is readily obtainable.
Invoices should give full particulars of the goods entered
thereon, without having to refer to warrants, Sac, that accom­pany
them. Some firms give as little information as they can,
causing the purchaser trouble afterwards to obtain it. The
form here given is a useful one for proprietary goods—such as
Champagne, Cased Whiskies, Sic.—where cash payment is a
matter of moment. The next specimen is one for duty payments
only, which being advanced for the merchant by the distiller is
prompt cash, and is frequently met by the latter issuing a cash
order upon his customer, which must be honoured upon
presentation.
I
50 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS.
Form 17.-
PROPRIETARY GOODS SPECIAL INVOICE.
LONDON.
January ist 1902.
MESSRS. THE UNIVERSAL WINE AND SPIRIT CO.,
Wine Lodge, Sandalhampton.
Bought of THE CALIFORNIAN WINE CO., LONDON,
Foreign Wine and Spirit Merchants.
Casks, Cases, and Flagons as charged must be paid for, and same price
will be allowed when in good condition, within six months of date of
Invoice.
Discount
for Cash
within seven
days
as under
£ s d
0 2 6
0 4 6
0 3 9
0 5 0
£0 15 g
Nos.of
of
Cases
ill
5TO
i?i
B?3
Particulars
5 Doz.
10 „
5 »
10 „
Solisa Burj^undy
Chablis
Port
Hock
Discount
Net Cash
20/-
18/-
3"/-
20/-
£ s
5 0
9 0
7 10
10 0
d
0
0
0
0
£
31
0
-,0
•
s
10
15
14
d
9
3
NOTE.—The Discount as noted on this Invoice will only be allowed for
Cash in 7 days. If monthly account is required, half discount
only will be credited. Beyond that time the account will be
strictly net, and no allowance made.
KINDLY NOTE.—These terms must be adhered to for this class of goods.
No allowance for shorts or breakages.
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 51
:i
F o rm 18.— ANXAX, January 6th 1902.
Messrs. T H E UNIVERSAL W I N E AND SPIRIT COMPANY,
W I N E LODGE, SANDALHAMPTON.
To T H E BOWIE D I S T I L L E R Y COMPANY, LIM., ANNAN. Dr.
No receipt for payment will be acknowledged by us unless our
adhesive stamp is used.
Duty paid on Whisky sold in Bond only on receipt to cover same or Cash order.
To CASH ADVANCED FOR DUTY OX WHISKY.
Nc
Excise
16 iO
1632
s.
Mer- Contents
chants
7023 56
70J5 59
Ullage
53-5
540
Strength ' / X l
o.p. 1
2-1 1 54-6
2-5 55 2
i
!
Rate Amount
i
III-iih
I s d
30 0 7
30 7 2
£•60 7 9
We 'beg to advise Cash order on for above amount,
•which please honour on presentation.
Before signing the Carrier's receipt please ascertain if any loss by
Pilferage or Leakage has occurred in transit. If signed for in "good
o r d e r " no claim can afterwards be entertained. Notice of loss to be
advised to us within three days.
E 2
li:
52 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
It is very important that immediately invoices are received
they should be checked with the goods to see that the quantity
and quality are correct, the price verified, and amount
calculated out; and if any error is discovered the sender should
be notified, and a corrected invoice obtained, or a credit note for
the amount, if overcharged. The invoices are then placed in
order according to the date, and all particulars entered into
the Bought Day Book, the total or net amount being entered
in the " Amount of Invoice " column. The folio of the Day
Book is entered plainly on the invoices, and the latter filed
away consecutively. They are afterwards easily referred to and
obtainable.
The arrangement which permits of a file of invoices when full
being bound between thin card-board covers like a book, with a
label on the back giving the period covered, is recommended on
the score of neatness, security, and facility of reference, and is
far better than the gummed brown paper Guard Book of earlier
days.
Numbering the invoices is also recommended as an additional
safeguard against loss, unintentional or otherwise.
If the merchant purchases other goods—such as Cigars, Mineral
Waters, Beer, itc.—the same will need a separate column in
this, as well as in the Sales Day Book, to keep a proper record
of the business done.
The details of the ruling are as under: —
Invoice Number.
Name and Description.
Bond Book, &c., Folio.
Ledger Folio.
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 53
Total Amount of Invoice.
Wines.
Duty on Wines.
Spirits.
Duty on Spirits.
Corks, Bottles, Capsules, &c.
Invoice Xiiinbcr.—These are numbered consecutively
immediately upon receipt and entry.
Vcscription.— The name of the merchant from whom the
purchase is made, with full jjarticulars of marks, quantity, and
description of the goods from the invoice, are entered in this
column; and, in clearing of spirits, the regauge and quantity in
proof gallons ujjün which the charge for duty is calculated is
shown.
Bond Book, drc, Folio.—This is for entry of the folio of all
goods bought in bond, or, in the case of duty-paid goods, on
being cleared from bond. Reference to the Case Bin or folio
of the Cask Book is made against all goods entered in those
books.
Ledger Folio.—When the amount of an invoice is posted to
the credit of the merchant's acco-unt in the Purchase . or
Merchant's Ledger, the folio of the latter is entered on the same
line as the entry in the Bought Day Book.
Wines.—These are divided into Wines, Duty on Wines.
Only the original cost of wines shipped from abroad, or the
actual cost of wines duty paid, where the duty is not separate,
is entered into the Wine column. The Government charge, or
duty, is entered in the next column. As goods are purchased
subject to discount for payment under certain terms, it is in
practice found advisable to post such goods separately to the
54 WIXE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
credit of the merchant, opening another account, known as
" Duty Account," in the Ledger for the amount of duty paid upon
them. As " Duty " is ahrays money advanced, it is necessary a
cheque should be sent promptly for the same. It will therefore
be readily seen, where many duty payments are made, how con­fused
an account in which goods are also entered may appear,
and yet be within the ordinary terms of trading.
Spirits.—These are also divided into Spirits, Duty on
Spirits. The remarks under Wines apply also to Spirits, but
with even more force, the payments for duty being larger and
more numerous, and if not kept separate easily overlooked. As
there is no profit to a trader from a " duty " payment, it is of
interest to him to know what amount is paid by him under that
head year by year. This can be in a great measure obtained
from the totals of the two columns in this book, but as there
are in addition several articles—such as gin, British brandy—in
which the price includes the duty, and it is customary in the
trade for it to be so, the amount under these heads would have
to be estimated and added to that previously ascertained.
Corks, Bottles, Capsules, ére.—The sundry amounts entered
in this column are those purchased from merchants, and dealt
with under an inclusive charge for " Bottling Expenses " when
pricing out bottled and cased goods, and being included in the
cost are not treated as a trade expense.
The totals of the several columns should together agree with
the total of the the " Invoice " column when cast in monthly
or half-yearly totals, and these in their turn, by the medium of
the Journal, are passed to Wines and Spirits Stock Account in
the Nominal Ledger.
Form 19.—
20 BOUGHT BOOK.
0 0
I
2
3
4
5
Name and Defcription
JANUARY ist 1902.
Andrews & Sons, Lim., Londonderry.
2 hhds. Irish \Vhisl<y, Old Blended,
Reguage
^ ^ 7 6 2 31027 55 51 140.p.
N / 901 31028 54 51-5 14 o.p.
102-5 at 9/-
Lying in Bond, Casks 15/- returnable..
JANUARY ist.
Eclipse Bottle Company, Hartlepool..
20 gross White Spirit Bottles at 18/-
20 Bags not returnable at 3d.
JANUARY ist.
Californian Wine Company, London
5 doz. Solisa Burgundy .. 20/-
10 „ „ Chablis . . .. 18/-
5 „ „ Port .. .. 30/-
10 „ „ Hock .. .. 20/-
Case No. 865/87G returnable ..
JANUARY 3rd.
Ysasi & Co., Cadi? and London.
2 butts Sherry ex ss. " C i t y of Cork"
" S o l e r a " 20 108 106 at ^^30
O P O 21 108 106 f.o.b. Cadiz
Freight clearing and Landing Charges
Duty on 212 galls, at .. .. 3/-
JANUARY 4th.
Cash Sundries Account—
Empty Bottles, 50 doz. at .. l/-
Carried forward ..
Bond
Book,
&c. folio
26
W.C.B.
276
W.C.B.
274
27
a.9
4
5
6
2
15
14
Total Amount
of Invoice
i s d
46 2 6
18 5 0
31 ID 0
6r 17 6
31 16 0
2 10 0
192 I 0
Wines
i s d
5 0 0
9 0 0
7 10 0
10 0 0
60 0 0
91 10 0
Duty on
Wines
i s d
I 17 6
31 16 0
33 13 6
Spirits
C s d
46 2 6
46 2 6
Duty on
Spirits
i s d
Corks,
Bottles,
Capsules, &c.
i s d
18 0 0
0 5 0
2 10 0
20 15 0
BOUGHT BOOK—continued.
-si
6 I
6
8
y
Name and Description
Brought forward ..
JANUARY 5th.
Robertson, J n c , London—
20 gross Wine Corks .. .. 5/-
JANUARY 6th.
Bowie Distillery Company, Lim.,Annan
5 hhds. Scotch Whisky " B o w i e"
logo, Sept. make
A. 1G28 7021 56 Bonded 11 o.p. 53-5
B. 1629 7022 58 „ „ 54'o
1630 7023 56 „ „ 54-0
1631 7024 54 „ „ 49-0
1632 7025 59 „ „ 56-0
283 galls, at .. 7/-
In Bond. Distillery Casks, not
charged, returnable.
Duty on 2 hhds. Scotch Whisky
" Bowie " i8gÖ, Sept. make ..
A. 1630 7023 56 53-5 2-1--54-6pf.il/-
1632 7025 59 54" 2-5-55'2 „
JANUARY 15th.
Geraud et Cie, Reims—
100 doz. Champagne .. .. 84/-
Nos. Geraud & Cie., Extra
86749 Quality Dry, on rail,
86848 London, Vintage 1893,
^ Cuvee E gold foil ..
G & Cie (Less special allowance
'1803 ' 4/- per doz. prompt
^^ cash.)
Carried forward ..
Bond
Book,
&c. folio
25
25
1.2
7
8
16
Total Amount
of Invoice
i s d
192 I 0
5 0 0
99 I 0
60 7 9
420 0 0
776 9 9
Wines
i s d
91 ro 0
420 0 0
5it 10 0
Duty on
Wines
i s d
33 13 6
33 13 6
Spirits
i s d
46 2 6
99 J 0
145 3 6
Duty on
Spirits
i s d
••
30 0 7
60 7 9
Corks,
Bottles,
Capsules, &c.
£ s d
20 15 0
5 0 0
25 15 0
2
W
•z
Ü
•z
o
o
d
2:2 BOUGHT BOOK—continued.
2:2 BOUGHT ^OOK—continued.
Name and Description
Brought forward .,
JANUARY i6th.
Thoreant Fils, Bordeaux and London—
2 hhds Claret
Nos. 1/2 St. Loubes 1899 Vintage,
at ^10
Duty on above per ss. " Gannett " . .
A. I 48 46
2 48 46
92 galls, at 1/3
Freight to London and Landing
Charges at 7/6
JANUARY 20th.
Andrews & Sons, Lini., Londonderry,.
Duty on i hhd. Irish Whisky
% X 31027 55 50 nil. 14 o.p.-^
Ky 57 pf. galls. 11/-
To James Kelly, Morecambe.
JANUARY 20th.
Randeman & Co., Oporto and London—
I pipe Port at £50
VO
Selected 30 f.o.b. Oporto ..
M
Per " City of Cork " to London.
Customs Duty on Landing Gauge ..
No. 30 119 117 117 galls, at 3/-
Preight at Oporto, 12/6; Insurance,
3/3 and ^ per cent
Dock Chargesfor Landing & Delivery
Carried forward ..
Bond
Book.
&c. folio
0C.9 Total Amount
" S ^ of Invoice
)—1
£ s d
776 9 9
Wines
£ s d
511 10 O
O 15 9
0 5 9
600 3 4
2 2
Spirits
Duty on
Spirits
£ s d
145 3 6
£
60
s d
7 9
Corks,
Bottles,
Capsules, &c.
£ s d
25 15 o
>
z
o
'T!
I—I
S
H
w
O
w
>
1 ^ > ro- , do z
145 3 6 91 14 9
23 BOUGHT BOOK—coiitiinied. 23
• ^ 8
Z c
14
15
16
Name and Description
Brought forward ..
JANUAKV 24th.
Sundries Account—
Empty Bottles and Cases, 10 doz,
at 1/3
jANfARV 26th.
St. Luke's Distillery Company. London
I Puncheon Gin, 17 u.p
10 3 14
No. 2861 I 2 15
g 0 27-110 galls, at r3/-
Cask 25/- returnable.
jANfARY 28th.
Pattison, McShane&Co.,Campbeltown
40 Aoy.. Fine Old Scotch Whisky, at
15/- in bond " Enterprise " Brand
5x2 doz. Cases Nos. 1/5 {jf,,
30x1 „ „ „ 20/4 «! 6/30^%
Duty on above u.p. pt.
5x2 1/5 S?s 3'94ull. l9-3r^i5-85
5 x I 20/24 "-t 2'02 „ i8'5— 8-20
25x1 e/30 ifoli l'97 ,, i9-3=39'5o
63-55
at l l / -
Sundries Account—
Empty Bottles and Cases, 30 doz. 1/3
Bond
Book,
&c. folio
S.C.B.
277
1.2
14
12
13
19
14
Total Amount
of Invoice
£ r. d
903 0 I
0 12 6
71 10 0
30 0 0
34 19 0
I 17 6
f1,041 19 I
Wines
£ s d
600 3 4
£600 3 4
" • ",
Duty on
Wines
£ s d
40 3 6
£40 3 6
Spirits
£ s d
145 3 6
71 10 0
30 0 0
£2j6 13 6
Duty on
Spirits
£ s d
91 14 9
34 19 0
£126 13 9
Corks,
Bottles,
Capsules, &c.
£ s d
25 15 0
0 12 6
I 17 6
£28 5 0
1
PS
>
V,
Ö
S
H
W
W
O
K
>
H
n
n
o
d
2!
WTNE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 59
Purchases or Bought Book Debit?.—
These "Returns,'' or Debits, allowed l)_v the merchant off his
Cr. account are entered, if numerous, in a separate book ruling
similar to Purchase or Bought Book, and headed in red ink as
above; if only a few, the end of the Bought Book may be
used. The amounts are posted to the debit of the merchant's
account in the Trade Ledger, and the \'arious Impersonal or
Nominal Accounts are credited with the monthly or half-yearly
totals, or the amount is deducted from the Purchase total
pre^'ious to entry in the Nominal Ledger. In no case, if a sale
is made to a merchant, should it be entered up in this book,
but it should pass through the Sales Day Book in the usual
manner.
0\
o
Form 30.
BOUGHT BOOK DEBITS (RETURNS).
1-
8
6
•S.S
Name and Description
January 15th 1902
Bowie Distillery Company, Lim., Annan
5 Hhds. Scotch Whisky, Bowie, 1898—
Invoiced 283 galls, orig. gauge (o; yj- •-- £<^g i 0
Should be 26y^ „ regauge (n 7/- ^ 92 4 6
ig'5 galls, overcharged {^ yj- — 6 16 6
January loth 1902
Californian Wine Company, London
3 doz. Burgundy Solis {d 20/-
Short in quantity delivered
Bond
Book
Folio
Total
Amount of
Invoice
£ s d
6 16 6
3 0 0
£9 16 6
Wines
£ s d
3 0 0
;C3 0 0
Duty on
Wines
£ s d
Spirits
£ s d
6 16 6
6 16 6
Duty on
Spirits
£ s d
Corks,
Bottles,
Cases, &c.
£ s d
z
w
>
a
2
PI
w
n
M
>
H
n
n
o
az
H
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 61
CHAPTER V.
PURCHASES LEDGER.
Purchases or Bought Ledger.—
This book is of the usual Ledger ruling, and is posted up
from the Purchases or Bought Day Book, the amounts being
carried to the credit of the various firms from whom the goods
have been received. As particulars are entered from the invoices
into the Day Book, it is only necessary to enter a short summary
in the Ledger, or sufficient information as will enable the buyer
who wishes to refer to understand the transaction fully
afterwards.
The balances owing at December 31st 1901 will be found
standing to the credit of the several accounts, the goods pur­chased
since being also posted to the credit of each account,
and when paid for, the cash is debited to the account from the
Cash Book, the folio being entered opposite each posting.
On January 31st, when the books are closed, the amounts
owing to merchants are extracted as balances owing, and the
total carried to the Balance Sheet, the account in the Ledger
being in some businesses ruled off and the amount owing carried
down; in others, only a marginal entry is made of the amount.
Red ink should be used in the latter case.
02 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS.
The balances standing in the Ledger on December 31st 1901
are as under : —
Form 21.
Ledger
Folio i
PURCHASES LEDGER.
BALA^•CES, December 31st 1901.
Name and Address
Northern Distillery Company, Lim , Glasgow
Ysasi & Co., Cadiz and London
Milva & Colens, London ..
Balances this date due to Merchants ..
i s
51 15
S415
28 10
£165 0
d
0
0
0
0
The balances on January 31st 1902 are as under:
Form 22.—
PURCHASES LEDGER.
BALANCES, January 31st 1902.
Ledger
Folio Name and Address
13
19
Bowie Distillery Company, Lim., Annan
Thorean & Fils, Bordeaux
St. Luke's Distillery Company, London
Pattison, McShane ik Co., Campeltown
Pattison, McShane & Co., Campbeltown (Duty)
Balances this date due to Merchants
£ s d
42 4 6
20 o o
71 10 o
30 o o
34 19 o
£198 13 e
Trial Balance—Purchases Ledger.—
This is given below, and if the postings have been carefully
and correctly done, the totals will agree.
Balances, December 31st 1901, are the amounts owing as per
details previously given on this date.
Purchases.—This total is obtained from the Purchase or
Bought Book, and is the sum credited in the Ledger from
January ist to January 31st 1902.
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 63
Cash Paid.—This is taken from the Cr. side of the Cash
Book, and is the total of the column headed " Ledger,'' the
items being posted to the debit of the accounts during the same
period.
Discounts Taken.—This is also from the Cash Book
Discounts column (on the contra side of the Cash Book), the
items having been posted to the debit of the accounts.
Returns.—This is the total of Returns or amounts allowed
off the accounts, and is taken from the Purchase Debit Book,
or the same account at the end of the Purchase Bought Book.
Balances, January 31st 1902, as per list previously detailed,
are the amounts owing to merchants on this date.
Form 23.—
PURCH.\SES LEDGER.
TRIAL BAL.^INXE, January 31st 1902.
Dr. Cr.
1901 ^ s d j £ s d
Dec. 31 Balances .. ' 165 0 o
1902
Jan. 31 Purchases—Wines ..
„ „ Spirits, &c
„ Cash Paid
„ Discounts taken
„ Returns—Wines
„ „ Spirits
„ Balances
967 18 10
30 10 3
^ 0 G
6 16 6
igS 13 6
^1,206 19 I
640 6 10
401 12 3
;^I,206 19 I
1902
Feb. 1 Balances 198 13 6
64 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
Form 24.—
PURCHASES LEDGER.
INDEX.
Goods
Andrews & Son, Lim., Londonderry .. .. 4
Bowie Distillery Co., Lim., Annan .. .. 8
Californian Wine Co., London .. .. .. 6
Eclipse Bottle Co., Hartlepool .. .. .. 5
Geraud & Cie, Reims and London .. .. 9
Milva & Colens, London .. .. .. .. 3
Northern Distillery Co., Lim., Glasgow .. i
Pattison, McShane & Co., Campbeltown .. 13
Randeman & Co., Oporto and London .. .. 11
Robertson, John, London .. .. .. .. 7
St. Luke's Distillery Co., London .. .. 12
Sundries .. .. .. .. .. .. 14
Thorean Fils, Bordeaux and London .. .. 10
Ysasi & Co., Cadiz and London .. .. .. 2
r
PURCHASES (OR MERCHANTS') LEDGER.
Dr.- NORTHERN DISTILLERY COMPANY, LIM., GLASGOW.
ig02
Jan. 2 To Cash ..
„ Discount
Dr.—Ct
510
510
£ s d
50 10 o
I 5 o
£51 15 0
1901 ,
Dec. 31 By Balance
YSASI & CO., CADIZ AND LONDON.
l-Cr.
£ s
51 15
£51 15
-Cy.
2
>
o
S
w
o
>
2
H
igo2
Jan. 2 To Cash ..
„ Discount
Cash ..
Discount
510
510
510
510
£
82
2
;i7
3
£144
s
14
0
0
0
15
d
6
6
0
0
0
1901
Deo. 31
1902
Jan. 3
By Balance
„ 2 butts Sherry o°po^ 20/21 at ^^30 f.o.b.
Cadiz
£ s d
84 15 o
60 o 0
jfl44 15 o
>
n
n
o
a
Z
H
r.-s«asaE^s»sr-
Dr.—3 MILVA & COLENS, LONDON. 3—Cr.
igo2
Jan. 2 To Cash
Dr.—4
igo2
Jan. 2 To Cash
„ Discount, i j per cent
£ s d
28 10 O
IQOI
Dec. 31 By Balance
A N D R E W S & S O N , L I M . , L O N D O N D E R R Y.
510
510
£ s d
45 II o
0 II 6
£46 2 6
igo2
Jan. I By 2 hhds. Irish Whisky, Old Blended < oX
Nos. 31027/8 i02'5 galls, at g/-
(Casks, Distiller's, returnable not
charged)
£ s d
28 10 0
4 — C r .
£ s d
46 2 6
£46 2 6
a
w
w
n
K
H
I)»-.—5 E C L I P S E B O T T L E C O M P A N Y , H A R T L E P O O L.
1902
Jan. 2 To Cash
„ Discount, 5 per cent.
510
510
£
17
0
£18
s
lb
9
5
d
0
0
0
igo2
Jan. I
"
By 20 gross White Spirit Bottles, 6 to
gallon, at 18/-
„ 20 Bags not returnable, at 3d
5—Cr.
£
18
0
£ 18
S
0
5
5
d
0
0
0
~~'
> n
n
o
d•z
Dr.- CALIFORNIAN WINE COMPANY, LONDON. 6—Cr.
1902
Jan. 5 To Cash
, Discount, 2J percent
3 dozen Burgundy Solis, short in
quantity delivered, ., .. 20/-
510
510
£ s d
27 15 9
o 14 3
£3^ 10 o
igo2
Jan. I By 5 doz. SoHs Burgundy, at
,1 10 „ „ Chatiiis, at ..
I, 5 ;/ r, I^ort at
„ 10 „ „ Hock at
(Cases 865/Ö76 returnable)
20/-
30/-
20/-
i <•'
! .•;
9
7
10
£31
S
0
0
10
0
10
d
0
0
0
0
0
Lr
igo2
Jan. 7
—7 ROBERTSON, JOHN,
To Cash 510
£ s d
5 0 c
1902
Jan. 5
LONDON.
By 20 gross Wine Corks, at 5/- net
deUvered
7-Cr.
21
£ s d
5 0 0
Dr.—8 BOWIE DISTILLERY COMPANY, LIM., ANNAN. 8—Cr.
igo2
Jan. J5 To Cash
„ Allowance Invoiced 283 original galls.
at 7/-
Should be „ 263"5regaugegali?.
at 7/-
19-5 galls, at 7/-
„ Balance carried down
510
£
30
C.E.B,
I
8
6 16 6
42 4 6
;f99 I 0
1902
Jan. 6 By 5 hhds. Scotch Whisky in Bond—
1628 7021
Bowie i8g8 Sept. make, Nos. ^^ ^-^
283 original galls, at 7/-
(Distillery Casks, returnable not
charged)
1902
Feb. I By Balance
£ s d
;£99 J o
42 4 6
r.-JSSi-
D r . — 9 G E Ï i A U D & C I E , R E I M S AND L O N D O N.
igo2
Jan. 20 To Cash
„ Discount, Special 4/- per case, prompt
510
510
400
20
;C420
s
0
0
0
d
0
0
0
igo2
Jan. I By 100 doz. Champagne, Gold Foil, at 84/-
011 rail, London—Geraud & Cie. extra
quality dry Cuvée E, Vintage 1893—
Brand G. & Cie 1893. Nos. of Cases
8C749/86848.
9—C)-.
£
420
s d
hf420
0\
00
IS
>
a
Dy.'—10 T H O R E A N cS: F I L S , BORDEAUX AND L O N D O N . 10—Cy.
2
2
1902
J a n . 31 To Balance carried down
£ s d
20 0 O
igo2
Jan, 16
Feb.
By 2 hhds. Claret, at jTio f.o.b. Bordeaux,
St. Loubes, 1899 vintage—Nos. 1/2.
By Balance
Dr.— \ R A N D E M A N & C O . , O P O R T O AND L O N D O N .
1902
Jan. 24 To Cash
„ Discount, 5 per cent
510
510
£ s d
47 10 o
2 10 o
£50 o o
igo2
J a n . 2 )
'
By I Pipe Port selected No. 30, at ^^50
f.o.b. Oporto M
£ s d
20 0 o
20 o 0
I I — C r .
£ s d
50 0 o
£i° ° o
>
2
H
i>
n
n
o
G
7.
1-5
» - •- — . •—
Dr.-12
igo2
Jan. 31
ST. LUKE'S DISTILLERY CO., LONDON. la-Cc.
To Balance carried down
Dr.—lZ
1902
Jan. 31
12
£ S d
yi 10 0
igo2
Jan.26
Feb. I
By I Pun. Gin, I7u.p. London, No.2861 - n o
Kails, at .. .. ..13/-
(Cask 25/- returnable)
By Balance
23
12
£ s d
71 10 0
71 10 c
PATTISON, McSHANE & CO., CAMPBELTOWN. 13—Cr.
To Balance carried down
Dr.—\4
1902
Jan. 4
24
28
\
13
£ s d
30 0 0
. igo2
Jan. 28
Feb. I
By 40 doz. Fine Old Scotch Whisky at 15/-
in Bond — Enterprise Brand, 5-2 doz.
cases Nos. 1/5, 02/206; 30-1 doz. cases
20/41, 6/30.
By Balance
22
13
£ s d
30 0 0
30 0 0
SUNDRIES ACCOUNT. 14—0.
To Casli
„ D o
„ D o
510
510
512
£ s d
2 10 0
0 12 6
1 17 6
£s 0 0
igo2
Jan. 4 By 50 doz. Empty Bottles, at i/- ..
24 „ 10 „ „ „ and Cases at 1/3
28 „ 30 „ „ „ „ „ at 1/3
20
23
23
£ s d
2 10 0
0 12 6
1 17 6
£ 5 0 0
-- - -w-~ --'t
m-
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS. 69
• -^-"^«P?-
- - ^^
o
.D»--—15 YSASI & CO. (DUTY ACCOUNT), CADIZ AND LONDON.
1902
Jan. 7 To Cash ~
)f s d I igo2
33 13 6 Jan. 3
£33 13 ö
By Duty on 2 butts Sherry ^ p g ' ' zo/21
at 31/-
„ Freif^ht, Clearing:, and Landing
Charges
£ s d
31 16 o
I T7 6
£33 13 6
z> o
• a
3
I—I
Ö)'.—16 BOWIE DISTILLERY CO., LIM. (DUTY ACCOUNT), ANNAN. 16—Cr.
1902
Jan. 15 To Cash 510
£ s d
60 7 9
£60 7 9
1902
Jan. 6 By Duty on 2 hhds. Scotch Whislvy, Bowie
Sept. 1898, Nos. jg^ 109, 8 galls, at l l / - 21
£ s d
Co 7 9
£63 7 9
p)
n
M
Z
H
>
n
n
o
C
H
Dr.—iy THOREAN FILS (DUTY ACCOUNT), BORDEAUX AND LONDON. 17—Cr.
1902
Jan. 20 To Cash 510
£ s d
6 10 0
£6 10 0
igo2
Jan. 6 By Duty on 2 hhdp. Claret, 1899 St. Loubes,
N o s . 1/2
„ Freif^ht to London, and landing charges
at 7/6
22
2?.
£ s d
5 15 0
0 15 0
£6 10 0
>
•2.
Ü
2
I5r.—18 RANDEMAN & CO. (DUTY ACCOUNT), OPORTO AND LONDON.
igo2
Jan. 24 To Cash
£ s d
18 13 4
£18 13 4
1902
Jan. 20
i8-Cn
vo
By Duty on i Pipe Port selected No. 30,
M
at 3/- per sail, and \ per cent.
„ Freight at Oporto 12/6, Insurance 3/3,
Dock Charges 5/9
£ s d
17 II 10
X I 6
£18 13 4
W
n
!>
n
n
o
c:
z
1-5
Dy.—IQ PATTISON, McSHANE & CO. (DUTY ACCOUNT), CAMPBELTOWN. 19—Cr.
1902
J a n . 31 To Balance carried down 19
£ s d
34 19 0
1902
Jan. 28
Feb. I
By Duty on 40 doz. Fine Old Scotch
Whisky—Enterprise Brand, 63'55
galls, at 11/-
„ Balajice
23
•9
£ s d
34 19 0
34 19 0
Dr.—20 ANDREWS & SON, LIM. (DUTY ACCOUNT), LONDONDERRY. 20—Cr.
•2.
W >
•2,
a
2
S
w
w
o
>
•2,
>
n
o
o
d
z
H
ig02
Jan. 22 To Cash 510
£ s d
31 7 o
£31 7 o
1902
Jan. 20 I By Duty on i hhd. I. Whisky y^^ 31027—
To Jas. Kelly, Morecambe, 50 galls.
14 o.p. = 57 pf. galls. 11/-
£31 7
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 73
. CHAPTER VI.
ROUGH DAILY CASH BOOK, PETTY CASH BOOK,
GENERAL CASH BOOK, &c.
Rough Daily Cash Book.—
IN dealing with the Cash, which comes next under
•consideration, it will jiossibly be remarked that each payment,
small or large, is entered into the General Cash Book, and
no mention is made of a Petty Cash Book, for the reason
that where this system is in use there is no need of any
•other than a Rough Petty or Daily Cash Book. Especially
is it useful in small businesses where one employee has to take
cash with other book work, and the principal overlooks every­thing
; but where a growing business calls for a separate treat­ment
of small payments, such can easily be arranged. In every
case it is, however, recommended that a Rougli Daily Cash
Book be kept, recording the daily balances in notes, gold, and
silver, &c. This is an important check in tracing errors and
mistakes in cash, the unders and overs being thus located in
date at least. All payments should be entered first in the Rough
Daily Cash Book and aftenvards into the General Cash Book,
but only the totals of cash taken on the received side.
74 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
Form 25.
Dr. ROUGH DAH^Y CASH BOOK. Cr.
igo2
Jan. I
2
3
To Cash in hand
„ Cash
„ D o
f
10
303
51
£364
s
0
s 3
I I
d
0
0
0
0
1902
Jan. 2
3
By Travelling Expenses,
per A. B. :—
No. I Journey, 2 days
No. 2 „ 3 „
No. 6 „ I „
„ C a r r i a g e Railway
Account, due Decem­ber,
Collectefi by
Mr. Jones
„ Union Bank ..
£ s d
„ Balance—Gold 10 0 0
Silver 2 6 0
£ s d
3 3 0
6 6 0
I I 0
21 15 0
320 0 0
12 6 0
ftC4 II 0
igo2
Jan. 4
igo2
Jan. 5
8
To Balance
„ Cash—Bills Receivc-a
b l e , H i l l s i de
Brewery Company,
due
To Balance
„ Cash
£ s
12 6
50 0
£52 6
£ s
52 10
80 7
£132 17
d
0
0
0
d
0
6
6
igo2
Jan.
190
Jan.
-t
"
I
a
8
By Subscription — Wine
T r a d e Benevolent
Fund ..
„ Urban District Rate,
IS. in £ on ^125
„ Empty Botts., "Kelly"
„ Empty Botts.,'-Sams"
(total 'iodoz. at i / - ) ..
£ sd
„ Balance-Notes 30 0 0
Gold 1 5 00
Silver 7 10 0
By Wages—Ainslie
Tamson
Goff ..
Thorpe
„ V a n D e l i v e r y Ex­penses
: —
No. I Journey
No. 2 „
No. 6 „
„ Jno. Toms, for Corn
and Hay
„ Postage 30/-, Receipt
20/- stamps ..
„ Union Bank ..
^ s d
„ Balance—Silver 700
Copper 0 30
£ s d
I r 0
6 5 0
0 10 0
2 0 0
£6522 160 00
£ s d
I 10 0
1 I 0
0 18 0
0 15 0
0 10 0
1 0 0
0 0 0
12 2 0
2 10 0
105 0 0
7 3 0
^132 17 6
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 75
Dr. ROUGH DAILY CASH BOOK~{contitnied). Or.
igc2
Jan, 9
10
To Balance
„ Cash
£ s d
7 3 0
99 3 0
£io6 6 0
igo2
Jan. lo By Union Bank ..
„ C a s h B a l a n c e in
hand— £ s d
Notes 5 00
Silver i 6 0
£ s d
100 0 0
6 6 0
£"106 6 0
1902
Jan. 10
15
igo2
Jan. 16
20
To Balance
„ Cash
To Balance
„ Cash
£ s
6 6
16 10
£22 16
£ s
18 12
99 16
£118 8
d
rj
0
0
7 0
0
0
1
1902
Jan. 14
16
igo2
Jan. 20
21
By Wages—Ainslie
Tanison ..
Goff
Thorpe
„ C a s h B a l a n c e in
hand— ;C s d
Notes 5 0 0
Gold 10 0 0
Silver 3 12 0
By Union Bank ..
„ Wages—Ainslie
Tanison ..
Goff
Thorpe
„ C a s h B a l a n c e in
hand— 5C s d
Notes 20 0 0
Gold 20 0 0
Silver 4 4 0
£ s d
1 10 Ü
I I 0
0 iS 0
0 15 o-
1Ö 12 0
£22 16 0
£ s d
70 0 0
I 10 0
I I 0
0 18 0
0 15 0
44 4 0
£118 8 0
igo2
Jan. 21
25
To Balance
„ Cash ..
£ s d
44 4 o
108 14 3
£152 18 3
igo2
Jan.24 Bv Empty Bottles&Cases!
„ B r o w n H o r s e,
" Ned," ex Jones ..
„ Union Bank ..
,/ C a s h B a l a n c e in
hand-- £ ^ ^
Gold 200
Silver 0 50
£ s
o 12
35 0
115 o
5 9
£152 18 3
1902
Jan. 25
28
To Balance
„ Cash...
„ Do. ..
£ s d 1902
2 5 9 Jan.29
2 12 6
27 II 6
£32 9 9
By G.N. Rly. Carriage
Account
„ C a s h B a l a n c e in
hand— £ s d
Cheque 19 o o
Gold 600
Silver 3 59
£ s d
4 4 0
28 5 9
£32 9 9
76 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS.
Dr. ROUGH DAILY CASH BOOK-'coiitinticd). Cr.
i g o2
Jan. 29
30
To Balance
„ Cash
„ Rent for Premises
Sub-let
i s d
28 5 9
133 5 6
5 0 0
1
^166 11 3
1902
Jan. 30
»
"
"
"
"
"
"
^^ „
By Hall — Harness Re­pairs
Account
„ Tackson, Blacksmith.
„ Gee & Co., Printing
Account
„ Gee & Co., Advertising
Account
„ Auditor's Fees
„ Hnipty Botts. 6; Ca<^es
„ Premium, Fire In-s
u r a n e e , Phcenix
Company ..
„ Gas Company, Ac­count
due ..
„ Water Company, Ac­count
due ..
„ Travelling Expenses,
per A. B;—
No. 3 Journey 2 days
No. 4 „ I day
No. 5 „ I „
„ Subscription Licensed
Victuallers'Associa­tion
..
„ Wages—Ainslie
Tamson
Goff..
Thorpe
„ Coal—Butterly Com­pany
„ Wright—Jomers Ac­count,
Repairs
„ Wright—Vehicle Re­pairs
„ W r i g h t — C o o p e r ' s
Cask Repairs
„ C e n t r a l R a il w a y
Carriage Account .
„ Rent—I month, Jan.
„ Union Bank ..
„ C a s h B a l a n c e in
hand— :C s d
Gold 4 00
Silver 2 18 2
£ s d
I 15 0
0 12 6
7 2 0
6 8 0
3 3 0
1 17 6
I I 0
2 5 0
0 15 0
4 0 0
2 0 0
1 0 0
2 2 0
I 10 0
I I 0
0 18 0
0 15 0
2 0 0
I 10 I
3 0 0
4 18 0
5 0 0
10 0 0
95 0 0
6 18 2
:^i66 II 3
Petty Cash Book.—
If instead of entering expense payments from the Rough to
the General Cash Book, and then posting to the account in the
Nominal Ledger, it is considered better to enter from the Rough
to a Petty Cash Book, and the totals of the latter only to the
Nominal Ledger Account, the following ruling will answer all
the purposes required. The book is totalled monthly, the
accounts being entered into the General Cash Book and the
balance also .shown therein as cash in hand.
Form 26.
PETTY CASH BOOK.
Cash R
Date
eceived
£ s d
Date Particulars Amount
£ s d
Carriage
and De­livery
Expenses
£ s d
1
Travel­ling
£ s <i
Rates
and Gas
£ s d
Repairs,
Sundries,
&c.
£ s d
Horse
Keep
I s d
Stamps
and
Stationery
£ s d
Subscrip­tion
and
Donations
£ s d
Men's
Wages
£ s <1
1
2
a
w
w
n
K>
H
>
n
n
o
(3
2
H
'1^"-=
78 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
Qeneral Cash Book.—
This book is a record of all moneys received and paid.
The simplest form of Cash Kook is one with two Money
columns on each side, the inner one on the Dr. or left-hand
side for all inward cash—i.e., actual money or cheques, and bills
already matured when received—and the outer one for cash
paid into the banking account. The inner column on the credit
or right-hand side being for cash paid out of office, and the
outer one for cash drawn p'om the banking account. All cash
received into the office in ijayment of accounts is entered in the
inner T)r. column, and such amounts as are paid into bank,
"whether totals or portions of the cash in hand, are credited in
the inner column on the right-hand side and debited in the
outer or Banker's column on the left-hand side. All jjayments
made through the bank are entered in the outer or Banker's
column on the credit side, but cheques that are drawn for office
or petty cash use are also entered on the inner or Office Cash
column on the TJr. side of the Cash Book.
By this means an exact account is always kept of cash in the
office and cash at banker's without the necessity (sometimes
inconvenient in the practice of small or even large businesses)
of paying into bank the exact amount of cash received.
WINE AND SPIRIT jMERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 79
^ bo
J83p37
JO 0110^:
o
B
z
o
Bank
Paid
Into
JO oi[o^
1 ^
1
3
i-rt
T3
13
8o WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
As the size of a business increases, and the work of book­keeping
with it, there comes an increasing demand for labour-saving
methods. This is met in the Cash Book by setting apart
into a separate column all the items requiring to be posted to
a frequently recurring account, the items being thus condensed
into a monthly total, which is posted to the Nominal Ledger
instead of the separate items. One of the first applications of
this principle is a column on each side of the Cash Book for
discounts allowed for early payment of accounts, both by the
merchant and to the merchant. These by some are considered
to be properly a Journal transaction, as they are allowances,
and not strictly cash dealings; but it is desirable, on the
score of the convenience of posting both cash and discount to
the Personal Account in the Ledger at the same time, not to
make an exception in this instance from the accepted rule.
Another column on the credit side may be headed " Trade
Expenses " for payments on that account, but this will really
constitute an analysis of the column previously described as
" Office Payments," and will require another column headed
" Sundry Payments " for those items that cannot be classed as
expenses.
On the T)r. side the cash or office receipts may be separated
into a column for Ledger Accounts paid by customers, and also
one for Sundries, for receipts that do not come under that
head.
The principle of separating any class of recurring items into
a special column may be applied to any desired extent, each
particular business usually furnishing its own special and distinct
requirements. For some it is found convenient to introduce on
the debit or receipt side columns for " Bills Receivable " which
have been discounted, or, for the particular business of a Wine
and Spirit Merchant, columns for Agency Receipts, sub-division
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 81
of the Ledger Payments column, or for " Bar Takings," where
such exist; and on the credit or payments side columns for
Bills Payable, or, as carried out in the form here used, a column
for Payments to Merchants, whether by cash or cheque, under
the word " Ledger." It will thus be seen that this Cash Book is
a combination of the Cash Account and the Bank Account in
the same book in columns side by side, but entirely separate,
each account having its own balance, and has the advantage of
bringing together all the receipts and payments, whether in cash
or through the bank.
The form of Cash Book will now be readily understood, and
is here given.
G
82 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS.
Form 27.—
509-Dr. CASH.
Date
I
igo2
Jan. I
2
^
j ^
^^ 3
4
a
^^
10
^^
15
20
^^
^^
25
j ^
28
29
^^
30
"
2
625
626
627
628
629
Name
3
To Balance in Bank
(Union) ..
„ Cash in liand
Kelly, James ..
Holland & Sons
Jones, John
Piatt, Henry ..
Jackson, J o h n ..
Four Cash Sales
Armitase, John
Five Cash Sales
Union Bank of London
Hillside Brewery Co.
A c c e p t a n c e due
(Bills Receivable
Account) ..
Three Cash Sales ..
Kelly, James ..
Fletcher, Hon. E. ..
Union Bank of London
Parkinson, E
Holland & Sons
Amiot, Chas
Five Cash Sales
Union Bank of London
T h w a i t e s , Son, &
Leslie
Armitage, John
Kelly, James ..
Parkinson, E
Union Bank of London
Jackson, Jno
Lofty & Co
Six Cash Sales
Union Bank of London
Tvïo Cash Sales
East, Hy
Jones, John ..
Three Cash Sales ..
Kelly, J a s .
Sandalhanipton Hotel
Company ..
Twitcher, Timothy ..
Hanbury, Jonas
Address
4
Morecambe ..
Bacup ..
Liverpool
Bolton..
Preston
Chester'
Morecambe ..
Hassop
Settle '.'.
Bacup . .
Oswestry
Bury ..
Chester
Morecambe ..
S e t t l e ..
Preston
Manchester .,
Buxton
Liverpool
Morecambe ..
Carried forwd.
Ledger
Fo.
5
P.L.15
P.L.15
200 A
100 A
471 B
475 B
400 A
480 B
479 B
480 B
36 N. L.
480 B
200 A
472 B
300 A
100 A
476 B
480 B
..
478 B
479 B
200 A
300 A
400 A
510 A
480 B
480 B
473 B
471 B
480 B
200 A
I A
480 B
480 B
5 "
Discounts
6
£ s d
0 15 0
3 2 0
'.'.
0 '5 6
I 7 0
0 10 0
0 10 3
0 6 9
0 2 6
0 II 0
7 10 0
1
Ledger j Sundries
7
£ s d
120 0 0
50 0 0
34 10 0
60 18 0
35 10 0
2 10 0
50 0 0
I 3 0
3 17 6
26 10 0
50 0 0
40 15 0
25 13 0
30 0 0
2 15 0
16 10 0
20 0 0
39 16 0
40 0 0
7 9 9
100 0 0
1 4 6
2 12 6
5 9 6
19 0 0
3 2 0
31 7 0
97 17 6
0 5 0
0 5 6
919 0 9
8
£ s d
10 0 0
50 0 0
60 0 0
Payments
to Bank
9
£ s d
1,500 0 0
320 0 0
105 0 0
100 0 0
70 0 0
115 0 0
2,210 0 0
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS. 83
ill
CONTRA. C > . — 5 1 0
Date Particulars
3
Ledger !
Fo. I Discounts
5
Ledger
6
Trade
Expenses Sundries
With^
drawals
from Bank
1902
Jan. 2
„
„
3
4
„
„
7
„
„
„
„
"
8
10
14
15
20
21
22
24
/,
„
"
25
29
lOI
102
103
104
7 1
8
« 9
J 05
106
107
10 !
10 j
II 1
13 1
14
14
'S 108
log
Northern Distillery Com
pany, Lini.
Ysasi & Co
Milva & Colens
Andrews & Son, Lim.
Eclipse Bottle Company
Californian Wine Company
Travelling Expenses, per
A. B
Carriage, Railway. Dec. A/c
Excise Licences ..
Union Bank
Sub. Wine Trade Benevo­lent
F'und
U.D. Rate, i/- in £ on ;Ê"i25
Empty Bottles bought
Ysasi & Co
Do. Duty ..
Robertson, ]as
Wages—Four Men
Van Delivery Expenses ..
Corn, &c.—Jno. l o m s ' A /c
Postage 30/-, Receipt 20/-
(Stamps)
Union Bank
Lomas, J .—Bills Payable
Account
Union Bank..
Wages—Four Men
Bowmore Distillery Co. ..
Do. Duty
Geraud & Cie ,
Thorean Fils—Duty
Union Bank ,
"Wages—Four Men
Andrews & Co.—Duty |
Randeman & Co 1
Do. Duty ..
Empty Bottles—Sundries
Horse "Ned," bought of
Jones
Union Bank
Carriage —G. N. Railway
Account
Carried forward
3
4
5
6
21 N.L.
20 N.L.
27 N.L.
22 N.L.
27 N.L,
2
15
7
24 N.L,
20 N.L.
28 N.L.
32 N.L.
35 N.L,
24 N.L.
8
16
9
17
24 N.L.
iS
14
5 P . L .
£
9
£ s
50 10
82 14
28 10
45 II
17 16
27 15
2 10
57 0
33 13
5 o
50 o
60 7
400 o
6 10
31 7 o
47 10 o
18 13 4
o 12 6
10 10
21 15
6 5
4 o I
£ s d
35
115
so
82
2S
4.Ï
17
27
10
14
10
II
16
15
57 o o
33 13 6
5 0 0
ao
bo
400
b
31
47
IS
0
7
0
10
7
10
13
g66 72 17 6 748 2 6 ' 1,137 1
G 2
Form
51
84
27—(continued).
I—Dr.
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS.
CASH.
Date
igo2
Jan. 30
Name Address Ledger
Fo.
Amount brot. forwd.
Four Cash Sales
Rent of Premises Sub­let
Union Bank of London
509
4H0B
27N.L.
Discounts Ledger
6 7
bSuiinnarirriiepss P,^a ygm^e^^n^t s
£ s d | £ s d £ s d £ s d
7 10 O ' 919 o g 60 o o 2,210 o o
3 1 0 6
Ö o o
7 10 o
PL. _I4
65 n o j 2,305 o o
922 II 3 .
987 II 3
I
1902
Jan. 30
"
,"
„
„
"
„
"
„
„
"
"
"
„
"
"
: i
II
II
I I
I I
I I
I I
11
11
II
lÊ
II
12
12
12
12
12^
12'
I2f
12;
126
ADJUSTN
Pass Book
Less Cheq
T
Paid by Casl
Do, Che
Less Credi
Less Suspt
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. ii
CONTRA. C / . — 5 1 2
Date
1902
Jan. 30
^Z Particulars
3
Ledger
Fo.
Amount brought forward..
Manager's Salary ..
Cashier's Salary ..
Traveller's Salary..
Jas. Robinson, withdrawal
Charles Robinson ..
Harness Repairs, Hall's
Account ..
Blacksmith, Jackson's A/c
Printing, Gee & Co.'s A/c
Advertising, Gee & Co.'s
Account ..
Auditors
Fire Insurance Premium..
Emp)ty Bottles bought
Gas Account due ..
Water Account due
Travelling Expenses, per
A. B
Sub. Licensed Victuallers'
Association
Wages—Four Men
Coal, Butterly Co. A/c ..
Repairs, ] oiner's .A.ccount
Do. Vehicle, &c.
Do. Casks, &c.
Carriage, Central Railway
Account ..
Rent—One Month due .,
Union Bank..
Balance, Cash in hand ..
Do. at Union Bank ..
510
25 N.L
25 N.L.
25 N.L.
n P.L.
12 P.L.
209
5
204
21
183
l6
0
16
15
I
I
0
I
0
I
30
33
33
23
S4
N.L
N.L
N.L
N.L
N.L
N.L
14
26 N.L
25 N.L
21 N.L,
22
24
N.r,
N.L
26 N.L
31
30
31
20
27
N.L
N.L
N.L
N.L
N.L
16 P.L,
16 P.L.
ADJUSTMENT OF BANK BALANCE.
Pa.ss Book ^84 I 6
i^css Cheque not presented 66 3 4
;C9i7 18 2
TRADE EXPENSES.
Paid by Cash £135 13 i
Do. Cheque .. .. 74 3 0
Less Credit Account
Less Suspense Account
Discounts
5
30
Ledger Trade
Expenses Sundries
With­drawals
from Bank
£
ij66
30 10 3
P.L. 14
7 6
£ s d
72 17 6
1 15 o
o 12 6
7 2 0
2 5
o 15
2 2
4 4
2 O
I 10
3 o
4 18
£
748 1,137 I 10
25 o o
10 o o
15 o o
100 o o
100 o o
I 17 6
95 o
6 18
gi7 18 2
967 18 10 135 13 I 851 18
135 13
987 II 3
86 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS.
The TDr. or Cash Received, the /c/^hand, side of the book is
ruled into cohimns as under: —
(i) Date.
(2) Number of Receipt.
(3) Name.
(4) Address.
(5) Folio of Ledger Posting.
(6) Discounts Allowed.
(7) Cash Received (Ledgers).
(8) Sundries.
(9) Bank, Payments into.
On the Cr. or Cash Payments side (right-hand) are columns
as under: —
(i) Date.
(2) Voucher Number.
(3) Name or Particulars.
(4) Folio of Ledger Posting.
(5) Discounts Received.
(6) Purchase Ledger Payments.
(7) Trade Expenses (Cash Payments).
(8) Sundries.
(9) Bank, Withdrawn from.
Cash Received.—
The Date and 'Name, with Address, are the first essentials of
a receipt, the address preventing confusion with two accounts
of the same surname. The Folio of the Ledger is used wlien
the amount on the same line is posted to the credit of the
customer's account in the Ledger, and where more than one
Ledger is used the distinctive letter of the Ledger, A, B, or C,
&c., is entered as well. (Columns 1-3, 4, and 5.)
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 87
Receipt Books.—
I t is still the custom with many firms of old standing to adhere
to the way their predecessors had, of writing a letter of acknow­ledgment
and signing the same across a penny receipt stamp ;
but the majority appreciate the security and simplicity of a
printed and numbered receipt form, bearing on the face of it a
notice " that no receipts are valid unless given upon one of the
firm's printed forms." This authorisation will of itself tend to
check any attempt at fraud, for the customer will be quick to
suspect any departure from the rule.
The receipts may be printed in books of 100 or 200, four
receipts on a page—two in duplicate, with perforation between.
This size is very convenient for use, being just right for a
traveller's pocket-book, but for office purposes a larger book is
necessary, with, say, six receipts on a page, and from 500 to
600 in number. They are numbered from i to 10,000 or
100,000, and every new series of numbers should have a fresh
letter of the alphabet prefixed to distinguish them. Specimen
given.
Form 28.—
No. B340278.
Date.
Received from.
Amount...
Discount.
Total.
No. B340278.
Date
Received on Account of
THE UNIVERSAL WINE & SPIRIT CO.,
Sandalhampton,
per
the sum of JE net cash.
By.
No receipt for payment can be recog­nised
by us which is not on one of cur
printed adhesive form?.
8 8 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
Another form is to have the duplicate receipt under the original,
and, using manifold paper, a record is kept of the actual figures
and name entered thereon. This is a check against alteration
afterwards of the amount received.
Cash Receipts for Ledger Accounts.—
These are entered into< the Cash Book from the counterfoils
of the Receipt Books handed in, together with the report and
cash taken, by the travellers at the close of each day or journey,
as well as from the book kept for use in the office. Xo receipt
should be detached before the amount collected, with discount
allowed, is entered on its counterfoil. The latter will then be
found to be an accurate and reliable record of the cash received,
and assist materially the process of balancing by preventing
errors. The number of the counterfoil is entered in the second
column of the Cash Book. This is useful where there are several
representatives of a firm, each with, a receipt book, and paying
cash in daily, an entry being thus identified with the employee
who obtained the amount. A missing counterfoil, or one can­celled,
can hardly escape notice if this is done, as an Auditor
running his eye down the page of the Cash Book would quickly
discover the omission and institute inquiries. Some firms pr.efer
to keep a record of the books issued to the travellers, and check
them carefully over when returned completed, and before filing
them away. (Columns 2 and 7.)
Discounts given.—
These are entered from the counterfoils of the Receipt Books.
The rate is dependent upon the style of trade done. It is
generally from 2j^ to 5 per cent, for prompt cash, or within a
month, on private accounts and on Trade Accounts the allow­ance
is also from 2^^ to 5 per cent, on journey, about two
months. Spirits in bond are net cash on journey, or i^^ per
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 89
cent, prompt. Duty payments (being cash advanced) are always
net prompt. (Column 6.)
Sundries Received.—
Cash received for any item that is not posted into the
Customers' or Sales Ledger is entered under this head. The
Cash Balance in hand the month was started with, Trade
Expenses Receipts (such as Rents, Acknowledgements, &c.),
Receij)ts on behalf of the Plant and other Accounts, are here
entered, and posted direct to the credit of their respective
accounts in the Nominal or Private Ledger. (Column 8.)
Bank, Payments to.—
Cash paid into bank as on January 3, ;£32o, is entered in the
Cash (Sundries) column (8) on the Cr. side of the Cash Book,
and then in the Bank column on the opposite or Dr. side, to the
Dr. of the bank. With many banks the Pass Book is made
out in a similar way, so that the customer may find the items
appearing on the Dr. side of his Cash Book also entered on the
Dr. side of the Pass Book, and the credits in the one on the
credit side of the other.
The Pass Book would in such a case be as under: —
THE UNION BANK OF LONDON.
Dr. to MESSRS. JAMES & CHARLES ROBINSON,
Trading as the " Universal Wine & Spirit Company,"
SANDALIIAMI'TON.
Receipts by the Bank. Payments by the Bank.
M
£ s d £ s d
90 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
Bank, Withdrawals froiti.--
On the Cr. side of the Cash Book. This column (9) is for
cheques drawn for Trade Creditors, Trade Expenses, or on Part­nership
Account. For Trade Creditors the amount is extended
into the column for Purchase Ledger (6), the discount
received thereon being entered in the column (5), and Date,
Name of the Firm, and Folio of posting to Dr. account in
Ledger being entered also. (Columns i, 3, and 4.) If the
amount withdrawn is for Salaries as on January 30 it is not
entered into the Trade Expenses column, for that deals with
cash payments only, but at the end of each month the total
paid by cheques is added to the amount in the Trade Expense
(Cash) column to give the correct total expended. The indi­vidual
items are, however, posted direct to their accounts in
the Nominal Ledger, also any Withdrawals through bank on
Partnership Account are posted direct from the Cash Book
entry to the Private Ledger.
Trade Expenses.—
This column (7) on the Cr. side of the Cash Book is used,
as previously stated, for cash payments only. Particulars are
first entered in detail in the third column, and posted under
their respective heads in the Nominal or Impersonal Ledger,
the folio being entered in the column provided (4). Each pay­ment
should have the voucher or receipt numbered and entered
in column No. 2, and if then tied up in the same order, or filed,
are handy for reference for audit purposes.
Discounts taken (Column 5).—
These are entered up from the counterpart of the cheque in
remitting trader's account, the net amount being entered in
Ledger column (6).
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 9I
Sundries, Payments.—
This column (8) is necessary (a) to enter the sundry cash pay­ments
and balances which, with the Trade Expenses (7), will
give the total cash payments, to preserve the other columns of
the Cash Book for the purposes intended; and (b) it will, as has
been mentioned, record the payments into bank, the correspond­ing
bank entry on the opposite page; also small cash payments
that belong tO' accounts in the Merchants' or Purchase Ledger,
the same amount being entered in column 6. At the end of the
month the Cash Balance in hand is also entered in this column.
Balancing the Cash Book (General).—
This should be done monthly, and all columns cast and ruled
off, except the bank payments and withdrawals, which perhaps
are best carried through three or six months to correspond with
the Pass Book.
The totals of columns No. 7 (Ledger Receipts) and 8
(Sundries) on the 7)r. or left-hand side of the Cash Book will
be found to agree with the totals of columns Xo. 7 (Trade
Expenses) and 8 (Sundries) on the Cr. or right-hand side of the
book.
The totals of column 6, Vr. side (Discounts Given), and
column 5, Cr. side (Discounts Taken), are posted to the
Nominal Account in the Ledger, the same with column 7, Vr.
side (Sales Ledger Cash), and column 6, Cr. side (Purchases
Ledger), to their respective accounts, either direct or through
a Journal entry. The total of Trades Expenses needs the
additions of payments by cheque on that account to make it
correct for the month, it will then agree with the total of the
various postings in the Nominal Ledger.
92 WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS.
The Bank Balance at the end of six months should agree
with the Pass Book, and any difference by reason of cheques
outstanding (not having been presented for payment) may be
accounted for by an entry in the margin of the Cash Book as
follows : —-
I s d
Adjustment of Bank Balance in Pass Book . . .. 984 i 6
Less Randeman & Co.'s Cheque, not presented 65 3 4
£q\^ 18 2
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS ACCOUNTS. 93
CHAPTER VII.
BILLS RECEIVABLE BOOK AND BILLS PAYABLE
BOOK.
Bills Receivable Book.—
A Bill of Exchange is an agreement in writing, stamped
according to its value, in which a debtor agrees to pay his
creditor on a given date a specified sum of money which he
owes to him. It serves a useful purpose in commerce, being a
negotiable instrument, for if tlie parties be trustworthy it may
be discounted for cash, and thus, while the creditor will receive
his money, less the discount, the debtor does not require to pay
it until the time specified. When a bill is paid when it is due,
it is said to be honoured; when it is not met—i.e., dishonoured
—the holder may demand payment from anyone in whose hands
it has been and whO' has endorsed it. Bills Receivable are
entered into this book when returned accepted, and the first
posting is to the c